Gestational Dynamics of Hofbauer Cells in the Human Placenta: Distribution, Morphology, and Immunophenotype.

IF 2.4 Q3 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Journal of Developmental Biology Pub Date : 2026-06-02 DOI:10.3390/jdb14020026

Sanja Jovičić, Ivan R Nikolić, Ljiljana Božić, Marko Jović, Dina Kapić, Ranko Škrbić

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are the only immunocompetent cells within the stroma of chorionic villi and play a key role in immune regulation and placental development throughout gestation. Their phenotype, abundance, and proliferative activity change in accordance with the needs of the fetoplacental unit.

Methods: Thirty healthy human placentas across all three trimesters were analyzed. Samples were processed using standard histological protocols and immunohistochemically stained with CD45, CD68, CD86, and Ki-67 markers. Morphometric analysis was performed to determine the following parameters: percentage of HBCs, numerical areal density, and proliferative index.

Results: HBCs were immunoreactive for CD45 and CD68, while CD86 immunoreactivity was not observed in any trimester. The proportion of HBCs was highest in the second trimester and lowest in the third. Numerical areal density was highest in the second trimester (22.21 ± 3.86) and lowest in the first (8.27 ± 4.18). The proliferative index was highest in the first trimester (82.45 ± 10.19%), decreased significantly in the second, and was completely absent in the third trimester.

Conclusions: During physiological placental development, Hofbauer cells maintain a predominantly non-M1 macrophage phenotype, accompanied by a gradual reduction in proliferative activity.

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人胎盘中霍夫鲍尔细胞的妊娠动力学：分布、形态和免疫表型。

背景：Hofbauer细胞（HBCs）是绒毛膜绒毛基质中唯一具有免疫能力的细胞，在整个妊娠期的免疫调节和胎盘发育中起着关键作用。它们的表型、丰度和增殖活性随胎胎盘单位的需要而变化。方法：对30个健康的人胎盘进行分析。使用标准组织学方案处理样品，并用CD45、CD68、CD86和Ki-67标记物进行免疫组织化学染色。进行形态计量学分析以确定以下参数：HBCs百分比、数值面密度和增殖指数。结果：HBCs对CD45和CD68免疫反应，而CD86免疫反应在任何三个月均未观察到。妊娠中期的乙肝比例最高，妊娠晚期最低。数值面密度在妊娠中期最高（22.21±3.86），在妊娠早期最低（8.27±4.18）。增殖指数在妊娠早期最高（82.45±10.19%），妊娠中期显著下降，妊娠晚期完全消失。结论：在胎盘生理性发育过程中，Hofbauer细胞主要维持非m1巨噬细胞表型，并伴有增殖活性逐渐降低。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Developmental Biology Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Developmental Biology

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

18.50%

发文量

审稿时长

11 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Developmental Biology (ISSN 2221-3759) is an international, peer-reviewed, quick-refereeing, open access journal, which publishes reviews, research papers and communications on the development of multicellular organisms at the molecule, cell, tissue, organ and whole organism levels. Our aim is to encourage researchers to effortlessly publish their new findings or concepts rapidly in an open access medium, overseen by their peers. There is no restriction on the length of the papers; the full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files regarding the full details of the experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material. Journal of Developmental Biology focuses on: -Development mechanisms and genetics -Cell differentiation -Embryonal development -Tissue/organism growth -Metamorphosis and regeneration of the organisms. It involves many biological fields, such as Molecular biology, Genetics, Physiology, Cell biology, Anatomy, Embryology, Cancer research, Neurobiology, Immunology, Ecology, Evolutionary biology.