{"title":"Structure of the spiritual pain of bereaved caregivers of cancer patients: A preliminary scale development.","authors":"Hiroko Sumi, Shuji Hiramoto, Kento Masukawa, Tatsuya Morita, Yoshiyuki Kizawa, Satoru Tsuneto, Yasuo Shima, Mitsunori Miyashita, Yuki Shirai, Keiko Tamura","doi":"10.1017/S1478951526102776","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although spiritual pain in cancer patients has been extensively studied, little is known about the spiritual pain experienced by bereaved caregivers in Japan.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This preliminary scale development aimed to clarify the structure of spiritual pain experienced by bereaved caregivers of cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This preliminary scale development was conducted as a secondary analysis of the nationwide J-HOPE4 survey, a cross-sectional questionnaire study of bereaved family members of cancer patients. Thirty-five items related to spiritual pain were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Responses were obtained from 930 bereaved caregivers in general hospitals and palliative care units. Seven constructs were obtained through the EFA: Loneliness, Life's heartlessness, A sense of unfinished business, Distress over patient deterioration, Remorse, Regret, and A sense of loss.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This preliminary scale development provides insights into the structure of spiritual pain experienced by bereaved caregivers of cancer patients. Further validation using independent samples is required.</p><p><strong>Significance of results: </strong>Seven factors of spiritual pain were identified among bereaved caregivers of cancer patients, and understanding this multidimensional experience may inform supportive care.</p>","PeriodicalId":47898,"journal":{"name":"Palliative & Supportive Care","volume":"24 ","pages":"e178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13312367/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Palliative & Supportive Care","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1478951526102776","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Background: Although spiritual pain in cancer patients has been extensively studied, little is known about the spiritual pain experienced by bereaved caregivers in Japan.
Objectives: This preliminary scale development aimed to clarify the structure of spiritual pain experienced by bereaved caregivers of cancer patients.
Methods: This preliminary scale development was conducted as a secondary analysis of the nationwide J-HOPE4 survey, a cross-sectional questionnaire study of bereaved family members of cancer patients. Thirty-five items related to spiritual pain were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA).
Results: Responses were obtained from 930 bereaved caregivers in general hospitals and palliative care units. Seven constructs were obtained through the EFA: Loneliness, Life's heartlessness, A sense of unfinished business, Distress over patient deterioration, Remorse, Regret, and A sense of loss.
Conclusion: This preliminary scale development provides insights into the structure of spiritual pain experienced by bereaved caregivers of cancer patients. Further validation using independent samples is required.
Significance of results: Seven factors of spiritual pain were identified among bereaved caregivers of cancer patients, and understanding this multidimensional experience may inform supportive care.
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