Importance of Comprehensive Tinnitus Assessment: A Conceptual Analysis of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)-Linked Questionnaires.

Abstract

This study explores the extent to which commonly used tinnitus questionnaires align with relevant International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) domains. The aim is not to establish the superiority of any tool, but rather to identify potential gaps in domain coverage and to support more intentional questionnaire selection. A rapid review was conducted to identify validated tinnitus questionnaires used in clinical practice. Each questionnaire was systematically linked to ICF categories employing established frameworks. The study compared the domain coverage of the ICF-based international inventory for tinnitus (ICF-TINI) with that of other commonly used questionnaires and mapped overlapping and unique ICF codes to determine the breadth of coverage. While ICF-TINI addressed a wide range of ICF domains, no single questionnaire provided complete coverage, particularly for the domains of environmental factors and participation. Other tools such as the Tinnitus Functional Index and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory also demonstrated broad but incomplete domain representation. The findings underscore the importance of strategically combining tinnitus questionnaires based on ICF domain mapping, rather than relying solely on familiarity or tradition. The study proposes an evidence-informed approach to tool selection that may enhance person-centered tinnitus assessment. Further research is required to determine whether broader ICF coverage leads to improved outcomes.