Ultrasonography-guided sclerotherapy for a benign vascular malformation of the attached gingiva.

Abstract

Oral vascular malformations (VMs) are nonproliferative lesions, characterized histologically by low cellularity and dilated vascular channels lined by mature endothelial cells. Unlike vascular tumors such as hemangiomas, they grow slowly and progressively and do not regress spontaneously. This report describes the rare case of a 24-year-old female with a benign VM involving the maxillary attached gingiva and buccal vestibule, presenting as a compressible intraoral swelling with extraoral fullness. Given the lesion's functional and esthetic implications, ultrasonography (USG)-guided sclerotherapy was selected as a minimally invasive treatment option. This approach was favored over surgical excision to minimize tissue trauma and preserve surrounding structures. A single session using polidocanol, a well-tolerated sclerosant, led to marked clinical regression without damage to adjacent periodontal structures. No recurrence or complications were observed during follow-up. This case highlights the precision, safety, and efficacy of USG-guided polidocanol sclerotherapy as a conservative, tissue-preserving alternative to surgical excision for the management of gingival VMs.