Herbal Gargle for Dry Mouth and Care: In vitro and Ex vivo Evaluations.

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q4 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening Pub Date : 2026-06-23 DOI:10.2174/0113862073411825251212024407

Evren Algın Yapar, Ebrar Inal, İmren Esentürk-Güzel, Bilge Ahsen Kara, Fatıma Nur Yılmaz, Cemre Özkanca, Luceyn Abdo, Meryem Sedef Erdal, Sibel Döşler, Murat Kartal

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: The current study aimed to design an ex vivo experimental method, in combination with in vitro analysis, to measure and evaluate sheep tongue dryness and wetness, which was used to assess the ex vivo efficacy of herbal gargle formulas for dry mouth/xerostomia. The test method was applied to the herbal gargle that was successfully designed in the first part of our study, which demonstrated good physicochemical characteristics, stability, antimicrobial efficacy, and safety as proven by in vitro gingival fibroblast cell studies.

Methods: In vitro analysis and an ex vivo sheep tongue method, based on both gravimetric and texture analysis, were applied to the herbal gargle formula. For gravimetric analysis, the sheep tongues were weighed before and after being placed in an oral cavity mimic chamber. The adhesiveness of the sheep tongues was then measured using texture analysis.

Results: In vitro evaluations and the ex vivo sheep tongue model showed that the herbal gargle formulation decreased tongue adhesivity while exhibiting the highest liquid retention capacity. The formula, which included 2% cinnamon leaf oil, 4% hazelnut oil, and a 0.5% CMC solution as the active ingredients, demonstrated strong ex vivo wetting ability with high liquid retention.

Discussion: The results of both the in vitro evaluations and the ex vivo sheep tongue model confirmed that the herbal gargle formulation reduced tongue adhesivity and provided high liquid retention capacity. The formulation containing 2% cinnamon leaf oil, 4% hazelnut oil, and 0.5% CMC showed strong ex vivo wetting performance.

Conclusion: In conclusion the herbal gargle formula, which demonstrated good physicochemical characteristics, stability, antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens, and safety for oral epithelial cells, strengthened its overall performance through successful ex vivo sheep tongue results, showing high liquid retention and low adhesiveness. These findings support the wettability potential of the investigated formula.

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用于口干及护理的草药含漱液：体外和离体评价。

前言：本研究旨在设计一种离体实验方法，结合离体分析，测量和评价羊舌干度和湿润度，用于评价中药含漱液配方对口腔干燥/口干症的离体疗效。我们将该测试方法应用于第一部分设计成功的中药含漱液，经体外牙龈成纤维细胞研究证实，该含漱液具有良好的理化特性、稳定性、抗菌功效和安全性。方法：采用体外分析和离体羊舌法对中药含漱液配方进行质量分析和质构分析。为了进行重量分析，将羊舌头放在口腔模拟室之前和之后称重。然后用纹理分析测量羊舌的粘附性。结果：体外评价和离体羊舌模型显示，含漱液配方在降低舌黏附的同时具有最高的留液能力。该配方以2%肉桂叶油、4%榛子油和0.5% CMC溶液为有效成分，具有较强的体外润湿能力和较高的留液率。讨论：体外评价和离体羊舌模型的结果证实，中药含漱液配方降低了舌的粘连性，具有较高的留液能力。含有2%肉桂叶油、4%榛子油和0.5% CMC的配方具有较强的体外润湿性能。结论：复方含漱液具有良好的理化特性、稳定性、对口腔病原菌的抑菌活性和对口腔上皮细胞的安全性，通过成功的羊舌离体实验增强了复方含漱液的综合性能，具有较高的留液率和较低的黏附性。这些发现支持了所研究配方的润湿性潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening 化学-生化研究方法

CiteScore

3.10

自引率

5.60%

发文量

327

审稿时长

7.5 months

期刊介绍： Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening (CCHTS) publishes full length original research articles and reviews/mini-reviews dealing with various topics related to chemical biology (High Throughput Screening, Combinatorial Chemistry, Chemoinformatics, Laboratory Automation and Compound management) in advancing drug discovery research. Original research articles and reviews in the following areas are of special interest to the readers of this journal: Target identification and validation Assay design, development, miniaturization and comparison High throughput/high content/in silico screening and associated technologies Label-free detection technologies and applications Stem cell technologies Biomarkers ADMET/PK/PD methodologies and screening Probe discovery and development, hit to lead optimization Combinatorial chemistry (e.g. small molecules, peptide, nucleic acid or phage display libraries) Chemical library design and chemical diversity Chemo/bio-informatics, data mining Compound management Pharmacognosy Natural Products Research (Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology of Natural Products) Natural Product Analytical Studies Bipharmaceutical studies of Natural products Drug repurposing Data management and statistical analysis Laboratory automation, robotics, microfluidics, signal detection technologies Current & Future Institutional Research Profile Technology transfer, legal and licensing issues Patents.