{"title":"Global Report on High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza in Antarctica and sub-Antarctic Islands.","authors":"Meagan Dewar, Michelle Wille","doi":"10.1139/cjm-2025-0293","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Geographical isolation and extreme climates have resulted in the long isolation of Antarctica and sub-Antarctic islands. The result is a unique assemblage of animals, many endemics to the region. Low pathogenicity avian influenza is present in Antarctica; however, we have a poor understanding of the epidemiology, ecology and evolution of these viruses in the region. Of concern is the arrival of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in the austral summer of 2023/24, and subsequent range expansion in the 2024/25 austral summer. Herein we review data and information from the literature (including all pre-prints, reports, and press releases), providing a narrative of events in the sub-Antarctic and Antarctica. We also address the impacts of HPAI H5N1 on Antarctic wildlife, and the unique challenges of working in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":9381,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Canadian journal of microbiology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2025-0293","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Geographical isolation and extreme climates have resulted in the long isolation of Antarctica and sub-Antarctic islands. The result is a unique assemblage of animals, many endemics to the region. Low pathogenicity avian influenza is present in Antarctica; however, we have a poor understanding of the epidemiology, ecology and evolution of these viruses in the region. Of concern is the arrival of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in the austral summer of 2023/24, and subsequent range expansion in the 2024/25 austral summer. Herein we review data and information from the literature (including all pre-prints, reports, and press releases), providing a narrative of events in the sub-Antarctic and Antarctica. We also address the impacts of HPAI H5N1 on Antarctic wildlife, and the unique challenges of working in the region.
期刊介绍：
Published since 1954, the Canadian Journal of Microbiology is a monthly journal that contains new research in the field of microbiology, including applied microbiology and biotechnology; microbial structure and function; fungi and other eucaryotic protists; infection and immunity; microbial ecology; physiology, metabolism and enzymology; and virology, genetics, and molecular biology. It also publishes review articles and notes on an occasional basis, contributed by recognized scientists worldwide.
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