The limits of 'Generally Recognized As Safe' classification for inhaled compounds in Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems.

Abstract

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) liquids contain compounds deemed safe for ingestion (GRAS), yet lack inhalation safety data, posing risks, especially to adolescents. This study analyzed chemical discrepancies in ENDS via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and surveyed Slovenian secondary students on nicotine use. One-third used nicotine, two-thirds daily, mainly for stress relief. Surprisingly, 85% of physically active users also consumed nicotine. Most focused only on nicotine levels, ignoring other ingredients. Analysis revealed cytotoxic substances when inhaled and unlisted solvents, exposing a mismatch between labeled and actual content. Findings stress the need for toxicological evaluation, clearer labeling, stricter regulation, and targeted youth education.