A Co-Production Model for Youth Meaningful Participation in a Shifting City: Multi-Stakeholders' Perspectives

Abstract

This study explored how co-production-based youth programs can foster meaningful participation among young people in Hong Kong, particularly in the shifting socio-political space following Hong Kong's 2019 social movement. Drawing on Sen's Capability Approach, McMillan and Chavis' Sense of Community Framework, and Bandura's Social Learning Theory, the research employed a qualitative design involving in-depth interviews with 24 adult stakeholders and focus group interviews with 32 Secondary 4 to 6 students. Thematic analysis revealed five key mechanisms through which co-production cultivates meaningful participation in youth: (1) recognising youth as unique contributors, (2) creating platforms for equal collaboration and ownership, (3) fostering iterative, transparent and empathic dialogue, (4) realising co-created ideas, and (5) providing adult facilitation. Synthesising these findings, the study proposed a three-step framework for co-production: Recognising youth capabilities, Building collaborative networks, and Supporting mastery through action. The model is developmentally sensitive and contextually grounded, offering practical and policy insights for enhancing youth meaningful participation in regions with shifting political landscapes such as Hong Kong.