Coupling experiments and macroecological models to resolve multi-stressor effects in vector–pathogen systems

Abstract

Mosquitoes, ticks and other vectors of infectious diseases are affected by interacting macroecological changes — climate change, biodiversity loss and environmental pollution — with multifaceted implications for human and animal health worldwide. We emphasize the need to establish the underlying mechanisms and anticipate future disease dynamics by integrating experiments, field observations and mechanistic, scenario-based modelling.