Maternal diet and nutritional status during pregnancy and lactation: a review of implications on milk composition and lactation outcomes

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q1 OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY

Seminars in perinatology Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-20 DOI:10.1016/j.semperi.2026.152273

Ruthfirst Ayande, Sarbattama Sen, Daniel T. Robinson

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Maternal diet and nutritional status during lactation have important implications for human milk composition and lactation outcomes, yet the strength and consistency of these associations remain incompletely understood. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on (1) the role of maternal dietary intake on human milk macronutrients, fatty acids, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), and other bioactive compounds; (2) the influence of maternal nutritional status, including body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes, food insecurity, and biochemical nutrient markers, on milk composition; and (3) the relationship between maternal diet and nutritional status and lactation outcomes, including initiation, duration, and milk production. Methodological heterogeneity in dietary assessment, milk sampling protocols, and definitions of nutritional status limits comparability across studies. Standardized approaches and mechanistic research are needed to clarify causal pathways and identify modifiable targets to optimize milk composition and support successful lactation.

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孕期和哺乳期产妇饮食和营养状况：对乳成分和哺乳期结局影响的综述。

哺乳期间母亲的饮食和营养状况对母乳成分和哺乳结果有重要影响，但这些关联的强度和一致性仍不完全清楚。这篇叙述性综述综合了目前的证据：(1)母亲饮食摄入对人乳宏量营养素、脂肪酸、人乳寡糖（HMOs）和其他生物活性化合物的作用；(2)产妇营养状况，包括体重指数（BMI）、妊娠期体重增加、妊娠期糖尿病、食品不安全、生化营养指标等对乳成分的影响；(3)产妇饮食和营养状况与泌乳结局（包括起始、持续时间和产奶量）的关系。饮食评估、牛奶取样方案和营养状况定义的方法学异质性限制了研究之间的可比性。需要标准化的方法和机制研究来阐明因果途径，确定可修改的目标，以优化乳成分和支持成功哺乳。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Seminars in perinatology 医学-妇产科学

CiteScore

5.80

自引率

2.90%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The purpose of each issue of Seminars in Perinatology is to provide authoritative and comprehensive reviews of a single topic of interest to professionals who care for the mother, the fetus, and the newborn. The journal''s readership includes perinatologists, obstetricians, pediatricians, epidemiologists, students in these fields, and others. Each issue offers a comprehensive review of an individual topic, with emphasis on new developments that will have a direct impact on their practice.