The combined effect of yoga and rich in omega-3 camelina sativa powder on glycemic indices, inflammation, and oxidative stress in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.

Abstract

Background: This trial evaluated the combined effect of yoga and camelina sativa powder (CSP) on glycemic indices, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: In this trial, 80 patients with T2DM were randomly allocated into four groups: group 1 (placebo), group 2 (receiving CSP), group 3 (doing yoga), and group 4 (receiving CSP and doing yoga) for 8 weeks. Glycemic indices, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters were assessed pre-and post-intervention.

Results: CSP plus yoga treatment significantly increased the McAuley-index and Quick-index compared to the placebo group (P = 0.021 and P < 0.001, respectively). A significant decrease in the glycemic exposure (GE) index (P = 0.010), fasting blood sugar (FBS) (P = 0.003), hemoglobin A1c (P = 0.013), insulin (P = 0.002), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P < 0.001) was found in the CSP plus yoga group compared to the placebo after adjustment for confounders. Serum superoxide dismutase level significantly increased in camelina, yoga, and both CSP plus yoga groups compared to the placebo group (P < 0.001, P = 0.019, and P = 0.005, respectively). Serum catalase levels increased significantly in CSP plus yoga group compared to the placebo following 8 weeks (P = 0.022). Malondialdehyde concentration declined significantly in yoga and CSP plus yoga groups compared to placebo (P = 0.017 and P < 0.001, respectively). Serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level significantly decreased in CSP, yoga, and combined CSP plus yoga groups compared with the placebo group (P < 0.001, P = 0.033, and P < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion: We found a favorable effect of co-treatment of CSP and yoga for 8 weeks in women with T2DM on some glycemic indices, oxidative stress, and inflammatory parameters. The combined effect of yoga and camelina sativa powder on glycemic indices, inflammation, and oxidative stress. PPAR-γ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, NF-kB: nuclear factor kappa B, GLP: glucagon-like peptide, PYY: peptide YY, SCFA: short chain fatty acids, ROS: reactive oxygen species, LPS: lipopolysaccharides, HPA: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.