Applying defense-in-depth to the design and operation of fission power systems on the lunar surface

Abstract

Compact, reliable Fission Surface Power (FSP) reactor systems are essential to meeting the electrical power demands required for sustained human presence and operations on the Moon. Multiple nations are making plans to deploy and operate such systems in close proximity on the lunar surface, particularly at the South Pole, but the risks these systems pose will be shared internationally and thus require a common, internationally-accepted approach and expectations for safety. This paper synthesizes a Defense-in-Depth (DiD) safety framework tailored to the unique considerations specific to FSP systems on the lunar surface. The recommended approach draws from terrestrial nuclear power safety standards and international space nuclear system principles, and are performance-based to enable the wide-range of FSP systems currently being considered and developed.