Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Prevalence and Its Related Factors among Traffic Crush Injured Drivers; A Cross-Sectional Study.

Abstract

Introduction: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), with a prevalence of about 5% in adults, is associated with risky behaviors and increased injuries. This study was conducted to investigate the ADHD prevalence and its related factors among individuals injured in traffic crashes.

Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study included the drivers who presented to the emergency department due to traffic crash injuries during one year. Data were collected through clinical interviews, review of medical records, and the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic characteristics and inferential tests such as chi-square and logistic regression were applied to assess associations between ADHD diagnosis and crash-related variables.

Results: 450 drivers injured in traffic crashes in the year 2024 were examined for the prevalence of ADHD. Total prevalence of ADHD among studied drivers was 17.35%. ADHD was more prevalent among younger individuals (p = 0.0235) and males (p = 0.0007). Patients with history of previous crashes were significantly more likely to have ADHD (p = 0.0009). No significant association was found between ADHD and educational level (p = 0.9116), daily (p = 0.443) or weekly (p = 0.076) driving hours, type of vehicle (p = 0.522), or location of the crash (p = 0.825).

Conclusion: Based on the main finding the prevalence of ADHD among the studied derivers was 17.35%. The most important related factors of ADHD prevalence were younger age, male gender, and positive history of previous traffic crash injuries.