Burn Epidemiology and Outcome Disparities: A Study of Patients Hospitalized With Burns in Pakistan.

Abstract

Objective: To investigate demographic, clinical, and outcome disparities among patients hospitalized with burns in Pakistan, with a focus on gender, age, and burn characteristics associated with mortality.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from 389 patients with burns admitted to Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, in 2022. Variables included age, gender, burn etiology, total body surface area (TBSA) burned, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes. Statistical analyses identified associations between these factors and patient outcomes. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for mortality.

Results: Of the patients, 54% were discharged, 17% left against medical advice, and 29% died. Higher mortality was associated with increased TBSA, elevated Baux scores, full-thickness burns, respiratory complications, and critical care needs. Flame burns accounted for 63% of injuries, and TBSA >60% was linked to 90% mortality. Logistic regression showed inhalation injury increased mortality risk (OR=8.475), whereas male gender was protective (OR=0.219). Female mortality (39.58%) was more than twice that of males (18.27%). Age was not independently associated with mortality. Children under 5 mainly died from scald burns and early infections, whereas older adults primarily died from extensive TBSA burns and comorbidities.

Conclusions: Burn injuries in Pakistan carry substantial mortality, particularly among women and children. Prevention strategies, early intervention, and gender- and age-sensitive clinical approaches are needed to reduce disparities and improve survival.