Clinical outcomes and complications after proximal tibial detorsional osteotomy for patellar luxation in dogs: A multicenter retrospective study.

Abstract

Objective: To report outcomes and complications of proximal tibial detorsional osteotomy (PTDO) in dogs with patellar luxation (PL).

Study design: Multicenter retrospective observational case series.

Animals: A total of 53 stifles in 50 client-owned dogs.

Methods: Medical records (2013-2023) were reviewed. Preoperative tibial torsion was assessed by computed tomography (CT; tibial torsion angle [TTA]) or by standardized caudocranial radiographs (tibial tuberosity alignment). Concurrent procedures and implants were recorded. Postoperative radiographs were evaluated for patellar position, tibial alignment, bone healing, and implant position. Final limb function was categorized as full, acceptable, or unacceptable based on lameness, patellar tracking, complications, and radiographic outcomes.

Results: Medial PL was present in 52/53 (98%) cases. Preoperative medial displacement of the tibial tuberosity was diagnosed in 52/53 (98%) limbs. Mean preoperative TTA was 8.8° ± 4.7 (external torsion). Normal patellar tracking was restored in 51/53 (96%) cases. Final limb function was full in 38/53 (72%) and acceptable in 13/53 (24%) cases. Mean radiographic follow-up was 3.0 ± 0.9 months (short-term). Mean time to radiographic union was 2.7 ± 0.5 months. Overall complications occurred in 18/53 (33%: 11% major; 22% minor); most major events were implant-related and managed successfully with revision.

Conclusion: PTDO effectively corrected abnormal tibial torsion, resulting in restoration of zormal patellar tracking in 96% of stifles. A 11% major complication rate was observed.

Clinical relevance: PTDO is a reliable surgical technique to treat abnormal tibial torsion in dogs with PL.