[Developmental susceptibility to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in female reproductive health].

Abstract

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are ubiquitous in ecosystems and in the human body, leading to continuous exposure throughout the lifespan. Their ability to interfere with hormonal signaling raises increasing concern about their effects on female reproductive health. This review synthesizes epidemiological and experimental evidence showing that key developmental periods - fetal life, childhood, and puberty - represent major windows of susceptibility. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals can impair the establishment and maintenance of the ovarian reserve, alter the neuroendocrine programming of puberty, and contribute to disorders such as the micropolycystic ovary syndrome. Overall, these observations highlight the importance of adopting a «One Health» perspective, as widespread environmental contamination simultaneously affects humans, wildlife, and ecosystems. Reducing exposure and implementing coordinated prevention policies are essential to protect reproductive health and global health.