Psychometric evaluation of the Values Inventory: structural validity, internal consistency, and the integration with sleep value in a U.S. adult online sample.

Abstract

Personal values shape health behaviors, yet the role of sleep value within broader value systems remains unknown. This study aimed to validate the Values Inventory, a novel measure assessing individual life values, and examine how sleep value fits into broader these value orientations. An online sample of U.S. adults (N = 455) completed the Values Inventory and the Sleep Valuation Item Bank 2.0 (SVIB-2.0), along with demographic and sleep-related surveys. Exploratory factor mixture modeling and confirmatory factor analysis supported a five-factor structure of the Values Inventory: Health/Wellbeing, Fundamental Human Values, Social Status, Personal Accomplishment/Global Advancement, and Community/Belonging. Internal consistency was high across factors (ω ≥ 0.88). Structural equation modeling revealed significant associations between demographic characteristics and value endorsements. Sleep health, along with mental and physical health, formed the core of the Health/Wellbeing factor, supporting the common belief that sleep is a pillar of health. Age was significantly associated with higher valuing of Health/Wellbeing and Fundamental Human Values. Multivariate analysis of variances comparing Values Inventory factors across previously established sleep value profiles (Unconcerned, Appreciative, Devalue, Ambivalent Priority, and Concerned) revealed distinct value patterns. The Appreciative profile showed the highest valuation of Health/Wellbeing. The Ambivalent Priority profile showed the highest valuation of Social Status and Community/Belonging. Findings support the Values Inventory as a psychometrically sound tool for assessing individual value systems and highlight the complex role of sleep. These results suggest the need for future research determining whether aligning sleep health interventions with individuals' broader values may enhance effectiveness and relevance.