Challenges of Iranian Migrant Nurses: A Qualitative Insight into their Experiences Abroad.

Abstract

Background: In recent years, the migration of Iranian nurses has significantly increased. They are faced with various professional and social challenges during their transition. This study explored these challenges faced by Iranian migrant nurses in three primary destination countries: Germany, Denmark, and Australia.

Materials and methods: This study employed a descriptive phenomenological approach to explore the lived experiences of 20 Iranian migrant nurses (8 in Australia, 8 in Denmark, and 4 in Germany). Data were collected via semi-structured, audio-recorded online interviews conducted between April and August 2024. Each interview lasted approximately 45 minutes. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method, supported by MAXQDA software.

Results: Analysis revealed four main themes reflecting complex challenges faced by Iranian migrant nurses: Professional Transition Challenges, Economic Vulnerability, and Cultural and Social Dislocation. Professional Transition Challenges included unrecognized prior qualifications, diminished professional competencies, limited opportunities for advancement, and language-related difficulties in professional and clinical communication. Economic Vulnerability involved financial strain due to high living costs and economic instability, substantial expenses related to visas and exams, and negative impact of currency fluctuations. Cultural and Social Dislocation was marked by difficulties in cultural adaptation, value conflicts, experiences of discrimination, and strained interactions. Psychological and Emotional Strain included persistent loneliness, homesickness, anxiety, and identity disruption.

Conclusions: The findings highlight the complex challenges faced by Iranian migrant nurses and emphasize the need for targeted support policies in host countries. Addressing issues like ethical recruitment, financial support, and language training can facilitate their integration and improve healthcare outcomes in host countries.