Polyarteritis nodosa: A rare complication of HIV infection, a case report

Abstract

Introduction

HIV-associated vasculitis is rare. Cases involving small and medium-sized vessels have been reported, usually in the form of polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). Diagnosis is challenging, and treatment is even more challenging in immunocompromised patients.

Case summary

We describe the case of a 42-year-old patient with a history of HIV infection who was presented with skin lesions and critical ischemia in the lower limbs. Diagnostic studies, treatment, and outcome are detailed.

Conclusion

Vasculitis are common clinical entities, but their association with HIV infection is rare. Their presentation has become increasingly rare since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, with very few cases described in the literature. Their appearance is a cause of significant morbidity and requires multidisciplinary and careful management to minimize risks.