Evolución del patrón epidemiológico de la tosferina en la Comunidad de Madrid: 2012-2024

IF 2.6 4区医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS

Anales de pediatria Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-08 DOI:10.1016/j.anpedi.2026.504246

Laura Reques, Esther Córdoba, Ana María Humanes-Navarro, Susana Jiménez-Bueno, Araceli Arce, Fernando Martín

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Abstract

Introduction

Despite high vaccination coverage, a recent increase in pertussis incidence rates has been observed. The objective of the study was to describe epidemiological trends in pertussis between 2012 and 2024 in the Community of Madrid (central Spain).

Methods

Population-based observational study of pertussis cases reported to the regional epidemiological surveillance system. The cumulative incidence per 100,000 person-years was estimated for 2012-2015, 2016-2019, 2020-2022 and 2023-2024, as well as the proportion of hospitalizations and timely vaccination.

Results

The cumulative incidence for the age groups 1-4 years, 5-9 years, and 10-14 years were, respectively, 24.4, 16.5, and 15.9 cases per 100,000 person-years in 2012-2015 and 40.1, 62.1, and 58.0 cases per 100,000 person-years in 2023-2024. The cumulative incidence in infants aged less than one year was 243.6 cases per 100,000 person-years in 2012-2015 and 160.1 cases per 100,000 person-years in 2023-2024. The proportions of timely vaccination were 49.4, 89.2, 85.3, 79.1, and 67.2% in the < 1, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, and 15-19 years groups, respectively. The median interval between the last vaccination dose and the onset of symptoms was 3.4 years. In the group of infants aged less than 4 months, 52.2% of mothers had been vaccinated during pregnancy. Five deaths occurred among those infants aged less than 3 months whose mothers had not been vaccinated.

Discussion

Despite the increase in pertussis in older children and adolescents during the 2023-2024 epidemic wave, a remarkable decrease was observed in infants aged less than 6 months. It is necessary to consolidate the vaccination program during pregnancy, ensure timely vaccination and evaluate the age at which the booster is given in adolescence.

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马德里社区百日咳流行病学模式的演变：2012-2024年

尽管疫苗接种率很高，但最近观察到百日咳发病率有所增加。该研究的目的是描述2012年至2024年马德里社区（西班牙中部）百日咳的流行病学趋势。方法对地区流行病学监测系统报告的百日咳病例进行基于人群的观察研究。估计了2012-2015年、2016-2019年、2020-2022年和2023-2024年每10万人年的累积发病率，以及住院和及时接种疫苗的比例。结果2012-2015年1-4岁、5-9岁和10-14岁年龄组的累计发病率分别为24.4、16.5和15.9例/ 10万人年，2023-2024年分别为40.1、62.1和58.0例/ 10万人年。2012-2015年1岁以下婴儿的累计发病率为243.6例/ 10万人年，2023-2024年为160.1例/ 10万人年。1岁、1-4岁、5-9岁、10-14岁和15-19岁年龄组的接种率分别为49.4%、89.2、85.3、79.1和67.2%。最后一次接种疫苗剂量和出现症状之间的中位间隔为3.4年。在4个月以下的婴儿组中，52.2%的母亲在怀孕期间接种了疫苗。在母亲未接种疫苗的3个月以下婴儿中，有5人死亡。尽管在2023-2024年流行期间，大龄儿童和青少年的百日咳发病率有所上升，但6个月以下婴儿的百日咳发病率显著下降。有必要在怀孕期间巩固疫苗接种计划，确保及时接种疫苗，并评估青少年接种增强剂的年龄。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Anales de pediatria 医学-小儿科

CiteScore

2.10

自引率

4.80%

发文量

155

审稿时长

44 days

期刊介绍： La Asociación Española de Pediatría tiene como uno de sus objetivos principales la difusión de información científica rigurosa y actualizada sobre las distintas áreas de la pediatría. Anales de Pediatría es el Órgano de Expresión Científica de la Asociación y constituye el vehículo a través del cual se comunican los asociados. Publica trabajos originales sobre investigación clínica en pediatría procedentes de España y países latinoamericanos, así como artículos de revisión elaborados por los mejores profesionales de cada especialidad, las comunicaciones del congreso anual y los libros de actas de la Asociación, y guías de actuación elaboradas por las diferentes Sociedades/Secciones Especializadas integradas en la Asociación Española de Pediatría.