Oxygen-rich apatites: toward preventive antiseptic strategies in bone and dental applications

Abstract

Background

Oxygen-rich apatites have emerged as a class of multifunctional biomaterials that integrate intrinsic antiseptic activity with regenerative properties relevant to calcified tissues (bones and teeth), without the use of external antibiotics.

Main body

This review analyzes synthesis strategies described for the preparation of oxygen-rich apatites, with an emphasis on the role of reaction conditions in the incorporation of oxygen into the apatite lattice. It also addresses the release of reactive oxygen species which are responsible for the in-situ antiseptic effect, while preserving the biocompatibility and osteoconductive properties of the apatitic calcium phosphate matrix. Particular attention is paid to the impact of heat treatment as well, because of the sensitivity of oxygen species to high temperatures. Even though calcination is often used to improve the biomaterial consolidation, it can lead to degradation of active oxygen species and induce phase transformations that compromise the functional performance of these apatites.

Conclusion

This study highlights both the significant potential and the remaining challenges, as well as future prospects related to the development of oxygen-rich apatites, as oxygen-releasing biomaterials for bone and dental applications.

Clinical trial number

Not applicable.

Graphical Abstract

The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.