Relationship between health perception and protective behaviors against diseases transmitted through blood and body fluids among cleaning staff at a university hospital.

Abstract

Objectives. Cleaning staff face occupational exposure to blood and body fluids (BBFs). Health perception may influence protective behaviors. This study investigated the relationship between health perception and protective behaviors against BBF exposure among cleaning staff at a university hospital. Methods. This cross-sectional study (June-August 2023) included 224 of 251 cleaning staff (89.2%). Data were collected via face-to-face questionnaire, including the health perception scale (HPS), the personal protective equipment (PPE) usage index, post-exposure hand-washing compliance and the infection prevention training index. Group comparisons used χ², t, analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests; multivariate binary logistic regression identified predictors of BBF exposure. Results. Each 1-point increase in HPS score was associated with a 3% reduction in exposure odds (p = 0.013). Each additional point in the PPE usage index corresponded to a 22% decrease (p < 0.001). Always washing hands after exposure reduced odds by 56% (p = 0.003), and comprehensive training (index = 2) by 38% (p = 0.003). Gender and years of experience were not significant predictors. Conclusions. Health perception, PPE use, hand hygiene and training are significant independent predictors of reduced BBF exposure. Hospitals should integrate health perception building with comprehensive training, implement tiered PPE certification and conduct regular hand hygiene audits.