Insights Into Stroke Risk and Prediction for Underweight Individuals.

Abstract

This review explores the relationship between underweight status and stroke risk and outcomes. Although the impact of obesity on stroke is well-documented, the harmful effects of being underweight are often overlooked. Drawing on evidence from observational studies, case-control studies, and meta-analyses, this review highlights that underweight individuals face increased mortality, poorer functional recovery, and higher rates of major adverse cardiovascular events and recurrent strokes post-stroke. Challenges in stroke prediction for this population are examined, including the limited research focus, shortcomings of existing risk assessment tools such as the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score, and population-specific factors affecting underweight prevalence and outcomes. The review identifies key research gaps, emphasizing the need for longitudinal studies encompassing diverse populations to inform tailored preventive strategies and improve risk assessment. It concludes by advocating for individualized risk assessment approaches that integrate nutritional status and targeted interventions to reduce the elevated stroke risks associated with being underweight.