High-purity alloys for enhanced service performance: processing, mechanisms and prospects

IF 7.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Science China Materials Pub Date : 2026-03-24 DOI:10.1007/s40843-025-3870-9

X. Y. Xu (, ), Weng-Jia Liu (, ), Bing-Qiang Wei (, ), Min Deng (, ), Jia-Ning Zhu (, ), Hui-Yuan Wang (, )

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Abstract

With the rapid advancement of high-performance systems and the growing demands for material reliability in extreme environments, high-purity alloys have become indispensable in next-generation technologies. Trace impurities—even at parts-per-million levels—can drastically deteriorate mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and long-term stability in critical applications such as aerospace, nuclear reactors, advanced microelectronics, and medical implants. High-purity alloys are therefore key to meeting the stringent performance and reliability demands of these technologies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the development of high-purity alloys, including purification approaches, processing strategies, and performance optimization. It summarizes how trace impurities affect microstructural evolution and material properties and discusses techniques for achieving ultralow impurity levels. The review also highlights impurity sensitivity across major alloy systems and summarizes current strategies to mitigate impurity-related degradation. Moreover, it outlines the role of advanced characterization techniques in detecting and quantifying impurities. Finally, this review emphasizes the essential role of high-purity alloys in the development of advanced structural and functional materials, and outlines the key challenges and future directions in this emerging field.

The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

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提高使用性能的高纯合金：加工、机理和前景

随着高性能系统的快速发展和对极端环境下材料可靠性的日益增长的需求，高纯度合金已成为下一代技术中不可或缺的一部分。微量杂质——即使是百万分之一的水平——也会大大降低航空航天、核反应堆、先进微电子和医疗植入物等关键应用的机械性能、耐腐蚀性和长期稳定性。因此，高纯度合金是满足这些技术严格的性能和可靠性要求的关键。本文综述了近年来高纯合金的研究进展，包括提纯方法、加工策略和性能优化。总结了微量杂质如何影响微观结构演变和材料性能，并讨论了实现超低杂质水平的技术。该综述还强调了主要合金系统的杂质敏感性，并总结了当前减轻杂质相关降解的策略。此外，它概述了先进的表征技术在检测和定量杂质中的作用。最后，综述了高纯合金在先进结构和功能材料发展中的重要作用，并概述了这一新兴领域的主要挑战和未来发展方向。此图像的替代文本可能是使用AI生成的。

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来源期刊

Science China Materials Materials Science-General Materials Science

CiteScore

11.40

自引率

7.40%

发文量

949

期刊介绍： Science China Materials (SCM) is a globally peer-reviewed journal that covers all facets of materials science. It is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and co-sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The journal is jointly published monthly in both printed and electronic forms by Science China Press and Springer. The aim of SCM is to encourage communication of high-quality, innovative research results at the cutting-edge interface of materials science with chemistry, physics, biology, and engineering. It focuses on breakthroughs from around the world and aims to become a world-leading academic journal for materials science.