Clinical and Laboratory Features of Serologically Confirmed EBV Infections in a Tertiary Hospital in Northern India (2018-2023).

Abstract

Introduction: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a widely prevalent member of the herpesvirus family, is linked to a diverse range of clinical outcomes, extending from mild, self-limiting illnesses to serious systemic and hematological disorders. Although India shows a high rate of EBV seropositivity, comprehensive data regarding its clinical presentation and associated complications are still scarce. This study was undertaken to assess the seroprevalence, clinical features, and systemic complications of EBV infection across multiple departments of a tertiary care hospital in Northern India.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 168 serologically confirmed EBV IgM-positive cases from January 2018 to December 2023 at a tertiary care centre. Data were collected on demographics, clinical presentation, departmental distribution, laboratory parameters, and complications. EBV IgM was detected using the EBV-VCA IgM ELISA kit, and hematological and biochemical values were interpreted in accordance with WHO and standard clinical definitions. The authors followed the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) Guidelines.

Results: The median age of patients was 24 years, with a male predominance (56.5%). Generalized weakness (84%), fever (56%), and sore throat (49%) were the most common symptoms. Anemia (79.2%), thrombocytopenia (60.1%), and hepatic dysfunction (69.6%) were the leading complications. Neurological involvement, though less frequent, included encephalitis (6%) and seizures (4.2%). Laboratory values showed marked variability, particularly in liver enzymes and blood counts.

Discussion: EBV infection showed significant systemic involvement, with higher rates of hematological and hepatic complications than typically reported. Regional factors may influence this variability, underscoring the need for early diagnosis and targeted management.

Conclusions: EBV infection presents with diverse clinical features and significant systemic complications. Early recognition and multidisciplinary management are essential for improved outcomes in high-burden regions like India.