Self-Efficacy and Quality of Life Among Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Abstract

Patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis often experience significant physical, psychological, and social challenges that affect their quality of life (QoL). Self-efficacy is an important aspect influencing treatment adherence that leads to improved QoL, yet evidence from Indonesia remains limited. To examine the association between self-efficacy and QoL and identify predictors of QoL among patients receiving hemodialysis at three Indonesian hospitals. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 414 adults receiving maintenance hemodialysis. The QoL and self-efficacy data were collected using validated questionnaires. Descriptive, correlation, and regression analyses were performed. Higher self-efficacy was significantly associated with better physical, emotional, and social QoL. Age was the only independent predictor of mental QoL (β = 0.11, p = 0.027; R² = 0.064). Self-efficacy explained an additional 10.7% of variance in physical QoL (ΔR² = 0.107, p < 0.001) beyond clinical variables alone. Self-efficacy is a crucial determinant of QoL in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and is influenced by demographic and clinical factors. Therefore, targeted and nurse-led interventions to strengthen self-efficacy are important and should be integrated into routine care.