{"title":"Son preference, children's gender, and parental commercial pension demand","authors":"Peiyun Deng, Yugang Ding","doi":"10.1111/jori.70036","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper examines how sex ratios affect household commercial pension demand in a patrilocal society. Exploiting the cross-county variations in sex ratios, we estimate the sex-ratio effects on parental pension decision-making in the first-son families relative to the first-daughter ones. We find that a one-standard-deviation increase in the local sex ratio would decrease commercial pension take-up by 1.08 percentage points, or 51.6 percent, for parents with a firstborn son compared with those with a firstborn daughter. We also observe similar patterns in the premium contribution of commercial pensions. Mechanism analyses suggest that the pension disparity by the first child's gender is attributed to external financial support and intensive competition caused by oversupplied men in the marriage market.</p>","PeriodicalId":51440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk and Insurance","volume":"93 2","pages":"476-507"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2026-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Risk and Insurance","FirstCategoryId":"96","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jori.70036","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/1/6 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BUSINESS, FINANCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
This paper examines how sex ratios affect household commercial pension demand in a patrilocal society. Exploiting the cross-county variations in sex ratios, we estimate the sex-ratio effects on parental pension decision-making in the first-son families relative to the first-daughter ones. We find that a one-standard-deviation increase in the local sex ratio would decrease commercial pension take-up by 1.08 percentage points, or 51.6 percent, for parents with a firstborn son compared with those with a firstborn daughter. We also observe similar patterns in the premium contribution of commercial pensions. Mechanism analyses suggest that the pension disparity by the first child's gender is attributed to external financial support and intensive competition caused by oversupplied men in the marriage market.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Risk and Insurance (JRI) is the premier outlet for theoretical and empirical research on the topics of insurance economics and risk management. Research in the JRI informs practice, policy-making, and regulation in insurance markets as well as corporate and household risk management. JRI is the flagship journal for the American Risk and Insurance Association, and is currently indexed by the American Economic Association’s Economic Literature Index, RePEc, the Social Sciences Citation Index, and others. Issues of the Journal of Risk and Insurance, from volume one to volume 82 (2015), are available online through JSTOR . Recent issues of JRI are available through Wiley Online Library. In addition to the research areas of traditional strength for the JRI, the editorial team highlights below specific areas for special focus in the near term, due to their current relevance for the field.
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