Nanoarchitectonics of nitrogen/selenium functionalized Co-ZIF-9(III) nanorod/nanosheet for nanomolar-level detection of nitrofurantoin antibiotics in environmental and biomedical samples

IF 13.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Convergence Pub Date : 2026-05-30 DOI:10.1186/s40580-026-00553-1

Harshitha B. Tyagaraj, Sanjay Ballur Prasanna, Gagankumar Sakleshpur Kumar, Ali Mohammadi, Swapnil R. Patil, Shalmali R. Burse, Amal Al Ghaferi, Ebrahim Al Hajri, Suk Soon Choi, Nilesh R. Chodankar, Yun Suk Huh, Young-Kyu Han

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Abstract

Designing and developing innovative, cost-effective nanomaterials with outstanding activity and durability remains a significant challenge for next-generation electrochemical sensors. Herein, we developed an energy-efficient approach to synthesize N/Se-functionalized Co-ZIF-9(III) (CZ@N/Se) nanohybrids with a unique nanorod/nanosheet morphology, which serve as a high-performance platform for ultrasensitive nitrofurantoin (NFT) sensing. The unique nanorod/nanosheet morphology of N/Se-doped CZ provides an excellent platform for NFT sensing by enhancing electron-transfer kinetics and generating a high density of active sites through the synergistic interaction between the Co-framework and N/Se dopants. These features facilitate efficient NFT adsorption and catalytic reduction, thereby markedly improving the electrochemical sensitivity and selectivity. With optimized mass loading, the CZ@N/Se nanohybrid exhibits exceptional repeatability and reproducibility in NFT detection, achieving a low detection limit of 1.03 nM and a high sensitivity of 3.783 µA µM⁻¹ cm⁻² as confirmed by multiple electrochemical measurements. Selectivity tests against potential interferents confirmed the sensor's excellent specificity, with negligible interference observed. Besides, the analysis of spiked environmental and biological samples demonstrated accurate detection, validating the sensor reliability and practical applicability for NFT determination in real-world settings.

Graphical abstract

The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

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氮/硒功能化Co-ZIF-9（III）纳米棒/纳米片纳米结构用于环境和生物医学样品中呋喃醌类抗生素的纳米级检测。

设计和开发具有优异活性和耐用性的创新、低成本的纳米材料仍然是下一代电化学传感器面临的重大挑战。在此，我们开发了一种节能的方法来合成具有独特纳米棒/纳米片形态的N/Se功能化Co-ZIF-9(III) （CZ@N/Se）纳米杂化物，该杂化物可作为超灵敏呋喃呋喃（NFT）传感的高性能平台。N/Se掺杂CZ独特的纳米棒/纳米片形貌为NFT传感提供了良好的平台，通过协同框架和N/Se掺杂剂之间的协同相互作用，增强了电子转移动力学，并产生了高密度的活性位点。这些特性有利于NFT的高效吸附和催化还原，从而显著提高了电化学灵敏度和选择性。通过优化的质量负载，CZ@N/Se纳米杂化物在NFT检测中表现出优异的重复性和再现性，经多次电化学测量证实，其检测限低至1.03 nM，灵敏度高至3.783µaµM-1 cm-2。对潜在干扰的选择性测试证实了传感器的出色特异性，观察到的干扰可以忽略不计。此外，对加标环境和生物样品的分析证明了准确的检测，验证了传感器的可靠性和在实际环境中测定NFT的实用性。

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来源期刊

Nano Convergence Engineering-General Engineering

CiteScore

15.90

自引率

2.60%

发文量

审稿时长

13 weeks

期刊介绍： Nano Convergence is an internationally recognized, peer-reviewed, and interdisciplinary journal designed to foster effective communication among scientists spanning diverse research areas closely aligned with nanoscience and nanotechnology. Dedicated to encouraging the convergence of technologies across the nano- to microscopic scale, the journal aims to unveil novel scientific domains and cultivate fresh research prospects. Operating on a single-blind peer-review system, Nano Convergence ensures transparency in the review process, with reviewers cognizant of authors' names and affiliations while maintaining anonymity in the feedback provided to authors.