Optimization of Port-Rail Intermodal Transshipment Operations Considering Shipment Reallocation in the Railway Network

Abstract

As research on intermodal transport continues to grow, studies have increasingly moved beyond focusing on single transport modes. Researchers are paying more attention to how port operations align with train operations, yet systematic coordination across different transport modes remains limited. This study incorporates both the handling of intermodal containers within the port and their transportation through the railway network. It extends existing research by considering the reallocation of capacity in the hinterland railway network when intermodal containers are dispatched from the port. To achieve this, a mathematical model is formulated to coordinate ship schedule, container handling operation, and railway transportation plan, with the objective of minimizing the system delay while ensuring smooth intermodal transfers between the port and railway network. A branch-and-Benders-cut algorithm is proposed to efficiently solve the large-scale optimization problem. The framework enables the provision of scientific guidance for integrated port-railway operation management and the evaluation of system performance under various port infrastructure settings. Overall, this study addressed an important gap in the literature on port-railway coordination and provides valuable decision support for optimizing intermodal transport systems.