{"title":"1-Rotational Balanced Incomplete Block Designs With Block Size Four and Arbitrary Index","authors":"Zian Zhang, Junling Zhou, Yanxun Chang","doi":"10.1002/jcd.70013","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n <p>The necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of 1-rotational balanced incomplete block designs with block size four and index unity have been determined to be <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n \n <mrow>\n <mi>v</mi>\n \n <mo>≡</mo>\n \n <mn>4</mn>\n <mspace></mspace>\n \n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mrow>\n <mi>mod</mi>\n <mspace></mspace>\n \n <mn>12</mn>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n </semantics></math> and <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n \n <mrow>\n <mi>v</mi>\n \n <mo>≠</mo>\n \n <mn>28</mn>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n </semantics></math> [J. Comb. Theory, Ser. A 206 (2024) 105890]. This work completely determines the existence spectrum of 1-rotational balanced incomplete block designs with block size four and any index <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n \n <mrow>\n <mi>λ</mi>\n \n <mo>≥</mo>\n \n <mn>2</mn>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n </semantics></math>. To be specific, for <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n \n <mrow>\n <mi>λ</mi>\n \n <mo>≥</mo>\n \n <mn>2</mn>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n </semantics></math> and <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n \n <mrow>\n <mi>v</mi>\n \n <mo>≥</mo>\n \n <mn>4</mn>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n </semantics></math>, there exists a 1-rotational BIBD<span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n \n <mrow>\n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mrow>\n <mi>v</mi>\n \n <mo>,</mo>\n \n <mn>4</mn>\n \n <mo>,</mo>\n \n <mi>λ</mi>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n </semantics></math> if and only if <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n \n <mrow>\n <mi>λ</mi>\n \n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mrow>\n <mi>v</mi>\n \n <mo>−</mo>\n \n <mn>1</mn>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>≡</mo>\n \n <mn>0</mn>\n <mspace></mspace>\n \n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mrow>\n <mi>mod</mi>\n <mspace></mspace>\n \n <mn>3</mn>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>,</mo>\n \n <mi>λ</mi>\n \n <mi>v</mi>\n \n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mrow>\n <mi>v</mi>\n \n <mo>−</mo>\n \n <mn>1</mn>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>≡</mo>\n \n <mn>0</mn>\n <mspace></mspace>\n \n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mrow>\n <mi>mod</mi>\n <mspace></mspace>\n \n <mn>12</mn>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n </semantics></math>, and <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n \n <mrow>\n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mrow>\n <mi>λ</mi>\n \n <mo>,</mo>\n \n <mi>v</mi>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>∉</mo>\n \n <mrow>\n <mo>{</mo>\n \n <mrow>\n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mrow>\n <mn>2</mn>\n \n <mo>,</mo>\n \n <mn>7</mn>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>,</mo>\n \n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mrow>\n <mn>2</mn>\n \n <mo>,</mo>\n \n <mn>10</mn>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>}</mo>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n </semantics></math>.</p>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":15389,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Combinatorial Designs","volume":"34 7","pages":"267-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8000,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Combinatorial Designs","FirstCategoryId":"100","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcd.70013","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/3/26 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MATHEMATICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of 1-rotational balanced incomplete block designs with block size four and index unity have been determined to be and [J. Comb. Theory, Ser. A 206 (2024) 105890]. This work completely determines the existence spectrum of 1-rotational balanced incomplete block designs with block size four and any index . To be specific, for and , there exists a 1-rotational BIBD if and only if , and .
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Combinatorial Designs is an international journal devoted to the timely publication of the most influential papers in the area of combinatorial design theory. All topics in design theory, and in which design theory has important applications, are covered, including:
block designs, t-designs, pairwise balanced designs and group divisible designs
Latin squares, quasigroups, and related algebras
computational methods in design theory
construction methods
applications in computer science, experimental design theory, and coding theory
graph decompositions, factorizations, and design-theoretic techniques in graph theory and extremal combinatorics
finite geometry and its relation with design theory.
algebraic aspects of design theory.
Researchers and scientists can depend on the Journal of Combinatorial Designs for the most recent developments in this rapidly growing field, and to provide a forum for both theoretical research and applications. All papers appearing in the Journal of Combinatorial Designs are carefully peer refereed.