IL-21 expression during sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis.

IF 1.9 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

American journal of clinical and experimental immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-25 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI:10.62347/XBRN4628

Chunrui Wang, Xiaowei Qin, Li Jiang, Tianhong Zhang

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Abstract

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disorder involving immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated immune response. Interleukin (IL)-21 IL-21 can regulate immune cell functions and IgE production. We aimed to explore the modulation of IL-21 expression before and after sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in AR patients and its correlation with IgE and Th2 cytokines.

Methods: Fifty AR patients were enrolled and treated with HDM allergen extract via SLIT. Serum levels of IL-21 and Th2 cytokines as well as IgE were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed to compare changes in cytokine levels and assess correlations.

Results: After 3 years of SLIT, serum levels of IL-21, Th2 cytokines and IgE were significantly reduced. Greater decreases were found in the effective treatment group compared to the ineffective group. The expression of IL-21 was correlated to IL-4 and IgE levels.

Conclusion: SLIT downregulates the expression of IL-21 and other Th2 cytokines, with IL-21 potentially serving as a biomarker for SLIT efficacy in AR patients.

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变应性鼻炎舌下免疫治疗过程中IL-21的表达。

背景：变应性鼻炎（AR）是一种涉及免疫球蛋白E （IgE）介导的免疫反应的炎症性疾病。白细胞介素(IL)-21 IL-21可以调节免疫细胞功能和IgE的产生。我们旨在探讨AR患者舌下免疫治疗（SLIT）前后IL-21表达的调节及其与IgE和Th2细胞因子的相关性。方法：选取50例AR患者，经SLIT治疗HDM变应原提取物。采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测血清IL-21、Th2细胞因子及IgE水平。进行统计学分析比较细胞因子水平的变化并评估相关性。结果：SLIT治疗3年后，血清IL-21、Th2细胞因子、IgE水平明显降低。与无效治疗组相比，有效治疗组的下降幅度更大。IL-21的表达与IL-4和IgE水平相关。结论：SLIT下调IL-21及其他Th2细胞因子的表达，IL-21可能作为SLIT在AR患者疗效的生物标志物。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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American journal of clinical and experimental immunology

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