HEV prevalence, risk factors and outcomes in a tertiary care hospital of Uttar Pradesh: a retrospective observational study.

IF 1.9 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

Iranian Journal of Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI:10.18502/ijm.v18i2.21303

Sadia Hassaan, Adil Raza, Hiba Sami, Syed Ghazanfar Ali, Islam Ahmad, Nazish Fatima, Mohd Asaad, Mohd Yasir Zubair

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background and objectives: Acute hepatitis is characterized by inflammation of the liver parenchyma or hepatocellular injury, leading to impaired liver function. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis in Asia, including India. This study aimed to investigate the various etiologies of viral hepatitis and analyse the demographic profile and clinical outcomes of HEV infection.

Materials and methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at the VRDL, Department of Microbiology, JNMCH, Aligarh, and included 1,168 patients presenting with deranged liver function tests and clinical signs of hepatitis between August 2022 and March 2024. Serum samples were tested for HAV (IgM), HBV (HBsAg), HCV (IgM and IgG), and HEV (IgM) using ELISA (Dia Pro, Italy). HEV IgM-positive patients were followed up using a predesigned proforma to assess clinical outcomes and their association with demographic factors.

Results: Out of 1,168 samples screened for viral hepatitis markers, 753 (64%) tested positive for Hepatitis A, B, C, or E. HAV was the most common (554 cases, 73.5%), followed by HEV (125 cases, 16.6%). These HEV IgM positive samples were further subjected to RT-PCR, and 34 were positive and 91 negative among them. Most HEV-positive cases were aged 16-30 years, with a mean age of 19.3 ± 12.1 years. A history of consuming unfiltered water was reported in 78% of HEV cases. The highest number of HEV cases were from Jeevangarh (21.6%) and Jamalpur (14.4%), followed by Dodhpur (8.8%) and Nagla Mohalla (8%). Fever (96%) was the most common symptom, followed by jaundice (86%) and abdominal pain (84%). Key risk factors included residing in rural or semi-urban areas, use of public toilets, and overcrowding. Among the 125 HEV IgM-positive patients, only two fatalities were reported; the remaining recovered within 3 to 6 months.

Conclusion: HEV is a major cause of acute hepatitis in our region, with sporadic cases year-round and outbreaks peaking during the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Most cases originated from areas with poor sanitation and hygiene.

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北方邦一家三级医院的戊肝患病率、危险因素和结局：一项回顾性观察性研究

背景和目的：急性肝炎以肝实质炎症或肝细胞损伤为特征，导致肝功能受损。戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）是亚洲（包括印度）急性病毒性肝炎的主要病因。本研究旨在调查病毒性肝炎的各种病因，并分析HEV感染的人口统计学特征和临床结果。材料和方法：本回顾性观察性研究在Aligarh JNMCH微生物学系VRDL进行，纳入了2022年8月至2024年3月期间出现肝功能紊乱和肝炎临床症状的1168例患者。采用ELISA（意大利Dia Pro）对血清样本进行HAV （IgM）、HBV （HBsAg）、HCV （IgM和IgG）和HEV （IgM）检测。使用预先设计的形式对HEV igm阳性患者进行随访，以评估临床结果及其与人口统计学因素的关系。结果：在筛查病毒性肝炎标志物的1168份样本中，753份（64%）检测出甲型、乙型、丙型或戊型肝炎阳性，甲肝最常见（554例，73.5%），其次是戊型肝炎（125例，16.6%）。这些HEV IgM阳性样本进一步进行RT-PCR检测，其中阳性34份，阴性91份。hiv阳性病例以16 ~ 30岁为主，平均年龄19.3±12.1岁。78%的戊型肝炎病例报告有饮用未经过滤的水的历史。HEV病例数最多的是Jeevangarh（21.6%）和Jamalpur(14.4%)，其次是Dodhpur（8.8%）和Nagla Mohalla（8%）。发烧（96%）是最常见的症状，其次是黄疸（86%）和腹痛（84%）。主要风险因素包括居住在农村或半城市地区、使用公共厕所和过度拥挤。在125例HEV igm阳性患者中，仅报告了2例死亡；其余患者在3至6个月内康复。结论：戊型肝炎是本地区急性肝炎的主要病因，全年散发病例，在季风和季风后季节暴发高峰。大多数病例源自环境卫生和个人卫生条件差的地区。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Iranian Journal of Microbiology MICROBIOLOGY-

CiteScore

2.40

自引率

7.10%

发文量

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： The Iranian Journal of Microbiology (IJM) is an international, multi-disciplinary, peer-reviewed journal that provides rapid publication of the most advanced scientific research in the areas of basic and applied research on bacteria and other micro-organisms, including bacteria, viruses, yeasts, fungi, microalgae, and protozoa concerning the development of tools for diagnosis and disease control, epidemiology, antimicrobial agents, clinical microbiology, immunology, Genetics, Genomics and Molecular Biology. Contributions may be in the form of original research papers, review articles, short communications, case reports, technical reports, and letters to the Editor. Research findings must be novel and the original data must be available for review by the Editors, if necessary. Studies that are preliminary, of weak originality or merely descriptive as well as negative results are not appropriate for the journal. Papers considered for publication must be unpublished work (except in an abstract form) that is not under consideration for publication anywhere else, and all co-authors should have agreed to the submission. Manuscripts should be written in English.