From anatomy to imaging: Towards a reliable MRI classification of the plantaris tendon.

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 ORTHOPEDICS

Foot and Ankle Surgery Pub Date : 2026-05-15 DOI:10.1016/j.fas.2026.05.002

Grégoire Rougereau, Cristian Cumpana, Eugénie Valentin, Agathe Yvinou, Alexandre Hardy

{"title":"From anatomy to imaging: Towards a reliable MRI classification of the plantaris tendon.","authors":"Grégoire Rougereau, Cristian Cumpana, Eugénie Valentin, Agathe Yvinou, Alexandre Hardy","doi":"10.1016/j.fas.2026.05.002","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Background: The plantaris tendon is common but anatomically variable, and some distal insertions may contribute to Achilles tendon disorders. No validated, reproducible MRI-based classification currently exists.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 281 ankle MRI examinations performed between 2020 and 2023 using a standardized 3 T protocol. Tendon morphology was classified according to Olewnik's five-type cadaveric system. Inter- and intra-observer reproducibility were assessed with Cohen's kappa and positive agreement. Because reproducibility was limited, a simplified four-type MRI-based classification was developed and tested.Results: The original five-type classification showed only moderate reproducibility (inter-observer κ = 0.56; intra-observer κ = 0.60), mainly because type 5 was unreliable. The simplified four-type classification improved reproducibility substantially (inter-observer κ = 0.75; intra-observer κ = 0.78).Conclusion: Olewnik's classification is only moderately applicable to MRI. A simplified four-type MRI-based system appears more reproducible and may provide a reliable framework for clinical research.Level of evidence: III - Retrospective diagnostic study.","PeriodicalId":48743,"journal":{"name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Foot and Ankle Surgery","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fas.2026.05.002","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ORTHOPEDICS","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: The plantaris tendon is common but anatomically variable, and some distal insertions may contribute to Achilles tendon disorders. No validated, reproducible MRI-based classification currently exists.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 281 ankle MRI examinations performed between 2020 and 2023 using a standardized 3 T protocol. Tendon morphology was classified according to Olewnik's five-type cadaveric system. Inter- and intra-observer reproducibility were assessed with Cohen's kappa and positive agreement. Because reproducibility was limited, a simplified four-type MRI-based classification was developed and tested.

Results: The original five-type classification showed only moderate reproducibility (inter-observer κ = 0.56; intra-observer κ = 0.60), mainly because type 5 was unreliable. The simplified four-type classification improved reproducibility substantially (inter-observer κ = 0.75; intra-observer κ = 0.78).

Conclusion: Olewnik's classification is only moderately applicable to MRI. A simplified four-type MRI-based system appears more reproducible and may provide a reliable framework for clinical research.

Level of evidence: III - Retrospective diagnostic study.

查看原文本刊更多论文

从解剖学到影像学：迈向足底肌腱可靠的MRI分类。

背景：跖腱是常见的，但在解剖学上是可变的，一些远端插入可能导致跟腱疾病。目前尚不存在有效的、可重复的基于mri的分类。方法：我们回顾性回顾了2020年至2023年间使用标准化3 T方案进行的281例踝关节MRI检查。肌腱形态按照Olewnik的五型尸体系统进行分类。采用Cohen’s kappa法评估观察者之间和观察者内部的可重复性。由于可重复性有限，因此开发并测试了一种简化的基于mri的四型分类。结果：最初的五型分类只有中等的可重复性（观察者间κ = 0.56；观察者内κ = 0.60），主要原因是5型不可靠。简化的四类分类大大提高了再现性（观察者间κ = 0.75；观察者内κ = 0.78）。结论：Olewnik分型仅适用于MRI。一种简化的四型核磁共振成像系统似乎更具可重复性，并可能为临床研究提供可靠的框架。证据等级：III -回顾性诊断研究。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Foot and Ankle Surgery ORTHOPEDICS-

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

16.00%

发文量

202

期刊介绍： Foot and Ankle Surgery is essential reading for everyone interested in the foot and ankle and its disorders. The approach is broad and includes all aspects of the subject from basic science to clinical management. Problems of both children and adults are included, as is trauma and chronic disease. Foot and Ankle Surgery is the official journal of European Foot and Ankle Society. The aims of this journal are to promote the art and science of ankle and foot surgery, to publish peer-reviewed research articles, to provide regular reviews by acknowledged experts on common problems, and to provide a forum for discussion with letters to the Editors. Reviews of books are also published. Papers are invited for possible publication in Foot and Ankle Surgery on the understanding that the material has not been published elsewhere or accepted for publication in another journal and does not infringe prior copyright.