Comparing Facial Attractiveness and Professional Acceptance Between Real and AI-Generated Orthodontic Treatment Outcome Images

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research Pub Date : 2026-09-04 Epub Date: 2026-05-18 DOI:10.1111/ocr.70144

Gil Guilherme Gasparello, Otso Tirkkonen, Sergio Luiz Mota-Júnior, Felipe Calgaro Martins, Marco Antonio Dias da Silva, Orlando Motohiro Tanaka

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Facial attractiveness influences social and professional perceptions, including competence and employability. With the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) to generate photorealistic faces, it is important to understand how these images compare to real orthodontic treatment outcomes.

Objective

To compare perceptions of real versus AI-generated orthodontic treatment results in terms of attractiveness, employability, and distinguishability.

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey included 288 Brazilian adults.

Participants

Dentists (n = 76), dental students (n = 63), and laypeople (n = 149). Each evaluated three sets of images (pre-treatment, post-treatment, and AI-generated post-treatment) for three patients. Participants rated facial attractiveness (VAS 0–100), assessed employability, and identified whether the image was AI-generated.

Results

AI-generated images were rated significantly more attractive than real post-treatment ones (mean VAS: AI = 68.8; Real = 54.4; p < 0.001). Dentists, students, and laypeople all rated AI images higher. Employability was also greater for AI images (50.4%) than real ones (39.1%) (p = 0.007). Misclassification was common, with dental students achieving the highest accuracy (66.8%).

Conclusion

Participants showed limited ability to accurately distinguish between real and AI-generated images. AI-generated images were perceived as more attractive and had a greater positive impact on employability judgements compared to real post-treatment images.

查看原文本刊更多论文

比较真实和人工智能生成的正畸治疗结果图像的面部吸引力和专业接受度。

背景：面部吸引力影响社会和职业认知，包括能力和就业能力。随着人工智能（AI）越来越多地用于生成逼真的人脸，了解这些图像与真实正畸治疗结果的比较非常重要。目的：比较真实和人工智能生成的正畸治疗结果在吸引力、就业能力和可识别性方面的看法。方法：对288名巴西成年人进行横断面在线调查。参与者：牙医（76人）、牙科学生（63人）和外行人（149人）。每组对三名患者的三组图像（治疗前、治疗后和人工智能生成的治疗后）进行评估。参与者对面部吸引力进行评分（VAS 0-100），评估就业能力，并确定图像是否是人工智能生成的。结果：人工智能生成的图像被评为比真实的治疗后图像更有吸引力（平均VAS: AI = 68.8; real = 54.4; p）结论：参与者准确区分真实图像和人工智能生成图像的能力有限。与真实的治疗后图像相比，人工智能生成的图像被认为更有吸引力，对就业能力判断有更大的积极影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research 医学-牙科与口腔外科

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

3.20%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research - Genes, Growth and Development is published to serve its readers as an international forum for the presentation and critical discussion of issues pertinent to the advancement of the specialty of orthodontics and the evidence-based knowledge of craniofacial growth and development. This forum is based on scientifically supported information, but also includes minority and conflicting opinions. The objective of the journal is to facilitate effective communication between the research community and practicing clinicians. Original papers of high scientific quality that report the findings of clinical trials, clinical epidemiology, and novel therapeutic or diagnostic approaches are appropriate submissions. Similarly, we welcome papers in genetics, developmental biology, syndromology, surgery, speech and hearing, and other biomedical disciplines related to clinical orthodontics and normal and abnormal craniofacial growth and development. In addition to original and basic research, the journal publishes concise reviews, case reports of substantial value, invited essays, letters, and announcements. The journal is published quarterly. The review of submitted papers will be coordinated by the editor and members of the editorial board. It is policy to review manuscripts within 3 to 4 weeks of receipt and to publish within 3 to 6 months of acceptance.