Malnutrition, sarcopenia, and quality of life among older adults receiving home healthcare services: A cross-sectional study.

Abstract

Background: Older adults receiving home healthcare services represent a highly vulnerable group for functional decline. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and sarcopenia in this population, investigating their relationship with quality of life (QoL).

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between February 2024 and February 2025 among 254 older adults (≥65 years) receiving home healthcare in Balıkesir, Türkiye. The region was selected for its high elderly population ratio (16.9%), significantly exceeding the national average (10.6%). Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), sarcopenia risk with the SARC-F (Strength, Assistance with walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs, and Falls) scale, and QoL with the CASP-19 (Control, Autonomy, Self-realization, and Pleasure) scale. Anthropometric measurements (Body Mass Index [BMI], mid-upper arm circumference [MUAC], and calf circumference [CC]) were recorded.

Results: Malnutrition was identified in 32.7% of participants, while 58.3% were at risk. The risk of sarcopenia was high at 90.2%. Participants with malnutrition and sarcopenia risk had significantly lower QoL scores (p < 0.001). Better nutritional status, higher BMI, and greater MUAC and CC measurements were positively associated with higher QoL (all p < 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed significant negative relationships between nutritional status and sarcopenia risk (r = -0.33, p < 0.001) and between sarcopenia risk and QoL (r = -0.46, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Malnutrition and sarcopenia risk frequently coexist in home healthcare settings and are strongly associated with lower QoL. Routine nutritional and functional screening are essential in home care to facilitate early intervention and improve well-being in this vulnerable population.