Resilience in the face of adversity: Adverse and benevolent childhood experiences in irritable bowel syndrome

Abstract

Objective

Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) report higher levels of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE). However, little is known about protective factors. This study aims to investigate whether Benevolent Childhood Experiences (BCE), such as favorable resources and relationships during childhood, can mitigate the risk of IBS associated with ACE.

Methods

Participants were recruited nationwide through an online survey panel. This cross-sectional study included individuals who self-reported a doctor's diagnosis of IBS. All participants completed the Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire for Adults, the Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale, and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS).

Results

A total of 100 patients with IBS and 192 individuals without IBS participated. Logistic regression showed an interaction of ACE and BCE (OR = 0.96, 95%CI 0.92–0.99). Low BCE and high ACE was almost twice as likely to occur in the IBS (18.0%) vs non-IBS (10.45%) group. No difference in IBS (22%) vs non-IBS (20.8%) for the high ACE and high BCE, indicating a protective effect of BCE. No interaction effect was found for GI symptom severity (GSRS), indicating the effect may be specific to diagnosis rather than symptoms.

Discussion

findings suggest that adverse childhood experiences are not associated with IBS in individuals with high resiliency. However, individuals with low resiliency and high levels of ACE are at significantly increased risk for IBS. These results imply that while ACE can negatively impact gastrointestinal symptoms, supportive interpersonal relationships during childhood may buffer these adverse effects and potentially prevent the onset of IBS.