Deconstructing the Barriers to ASRH in Contemporary Ghana

Q4 Social Sciences

Indian Journal of Social Work Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI:10.63544/ijss.v2i3.55

Bridget Acquah, Ernest Darkwa, Constance Osafo-Adjei

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In addition to these norms, other barriers to ASRH in Ghana include inadequate ASRH education within and outside of schools, limited access to ASRH services and products, absence of adolescent-friendly sexual reproductive health services, and the high cost of sexual reproductive health services and contraceptives. These barriers put adolescents at a higher risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as HIV/AIDS, as well as other problems like unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions in Ghana. To address these challenges, the paper suggests several potential measures such as increasing access to affordable SRH services and products, improving ASRH education within schools, creating adolescent-friendly sexual reproductive health services, and promoting gender equality by empowering adolescent girls. References Ahinkorah, B. O., Kang, M., Perry, L., & Brooks, F. (2023). Knowledge and awareness of policies and programmes to reduce adolescent pregnancy in Ghana: a qualitative study among key stakeholders. Reproductive Health, 20(1), 143. Aliyu, T. K., & Aransiola, J. O. (2023). Factors associated with parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues in urban slums of Ibadan, southwest Nigeria. Community Health Equity Research & Policy, 44(1), 3-14. Akwara, E., Pinchoff, J., Abularrage, T., White, C., & Ngo, T. D. (2023). The Urban Environment and Disparities in Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes in the Global South: a Scoping Review. Journal of Urban Health, 1-37. Aninanya, G.A., Debpuur., C.Y., Awine, T., Williams J.E., Hodgson A, and Howard, N. (2015). “Effects of an adolescent-sexual and reproductive-health intervention on health-service: usage by young-people in Northern-Ghana: A community-randomized-trial”. PLoS ONE 10(4). Awusabo Asare, K., Biddleman, A., Kumi-Kyeremeh, A., & Patterson, K. (2006). Adolescent sexual & reproductive health in Ghana. Results from 2004-National-Survey of adolescents. Occasional-Report No. 22 New York, Guttmacher-Institute. Baku,E.A., Adanu, M.K. Richard& Adatara, P. (2017). Socio-cultural factors affecting parent-child communication on sexuality in Accra-Metropolis, Ghana. International Journal of Nursing & Midwifery 1, 2. Bankole, A., Ahmed, F.H., Neema, S., Quedraogo, C., & Konyan, S. (2007). “Knowledge of correct-condom-use & consistency of use among adolescents in Sub-saharan Africa” African Journal of Reproductive-Health 11(3): 197-220. Besoain-Saldaña, A., Bustamante-Bravo, J., Rebolledo Sanhueza, J., & Montt-Maray, E. (2023). Experiences, Barriers, and Facilitators to Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Access of People with Sensory Impairments: A Scoping Review. Sexuality and Disability, 41(2), 411-449. Budu, E., Seidu, A. A., Armah-Ansah, E. K., Frimpong, J. B., Aboagye, R. G., Anin, S. K., ... & Ahinkorah, B. O. (2023). Prevalence and predictors of premarital sexual intercourse among young women in sub-Saharan Africa. Reproductive health, 20(1), 1-11. Buitrago, D. C. C., & Pimentel, J. (2023). Barriers and facilitators influencing parent–adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health in Indigenous communities in Latin American countries: protocol for a scoping review. BMJ open, 13(3), e066416. Chandra-Mouli, V., McCarraher, D., Philips, S, J., Williamson, N. E., Hainsworth, G. (2014). Contraception for adolescents in LMIC-needs; barriers& access. Reproductive-Health 11(1)1-8. Chilambe, K., Mulubwa, C., Zulu, J. M., & Chavula, M. P. (2023). Experiences of teachers and community-based health workers in addressing adolescents’ sexual reproductive health and rights problems in rural health systems: a case of the RISE project in Zambia. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 335. Denno, D. M. & Andrea, J. H. (2015). Effective strategies to promote adolescent sexual & and reproductive health services & and to increase demand and community support. Journal of Adolescent-health 56(1) 22-41. Envuladu, E. A., Massar, K., & de Wit, J. (2023). Healthcare workers’ delivery of adolescent responsive sexual and reproductive healthcare services: an assessment in Plateau state, Nigeria. BMC Women's Health, 23(1), 132. Esantsi, S.F., Asare Quansah, JG. Kufour, E.O., Tapsoba, P., & Birungi, H. (2015). Understanding reproductive-health needs of adolescents in selected slums in Ghana: a public-health assessment. National Population-Council. Garbarino, J., (1985). Adolescent-development-An ecological-perspective. Columbus: OH, Charles E. Merrill. Ghana AIDS Commission. (2014). Country AIDS-Response Progress-Report. Accra. GAC. Ghana National-Population-Council (2001). Ghana adolescent-reproductive-health policy. GNPC. Ghana Statistical-Service (GSS) (2009). Macro 1. Ghana-demographic& health-survey. Accra. GSS & ICF-Macro Survey. Giri, S. (2022). Awareness of Uterine Prolapse among Women in Birendranagar’s Reproductive Age Group, Surkhet, Nepal. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 1(2), 49-69. GSS (2014). Ghana-demographic & health-survey. Accra. GSS & ICF-Macro-Survey. GSS & ICF-Macro Survey. Guiella, G., & Woog, V. (2006). Sante sexuelle et reproductive-des-adolescents au Burkina-Fasso: Resultats d’une enquete nationale en 2004. Occasional-Report No. 21 New York, Guttmacher-Institute. Guttmacher-Institute (2013). Abortion in Ghana. Guttmacher-Institute. Hirose, N., Sanmei, C., Okamoto, M., Madeni, F. E., Madeni, N., Teshima, A., & Shimpuku, Y. (2023). Associated factors for multidimensional attitudes and behaviors of reproductive health toward pregnancy among early and late adolescents in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. Reproductive Health, 20(1), 44. Ibitoye, M., Sommer, M., Davidson, L. L., & Sandfort, T. G. (2023). Exploring the effect of early menarche on sexual violence among adolescent girls and young women in southeastern Ghana: a longitudinal mediation analysis. Sexual and reproductive health matters, 31(1), 2244271. Jarvis, K., Richter, S., Adjorlolo, S., Swab, M., Tenkorang, E., Mao, Y., ... & Petrucka, P. (2023). Interventions impacting the accessibility of sexual reproductive health services for head porters in sub-Saharan Africa-A scoping review protocol. Plos one, 18(8), e0289564. Kamangu, A. A., John, M. R., & Nyakoki, S. J. (2017). Barriers to parent-child communication on sexual and reproductive health issues in East Africa: A review of qualitative research in four countries. Journal of African Studies and Development, 9(4), 45-50. Khalid, B., Zia urRehman, M., & Asghar, R. J. (2016). How to Augment Task and Contextual Performance through Employee Engagement. IBT Journal of Business Studies (JBS), 2(2). Kirby, D. B., Laris, B. A. & Rolleri, L. (2007). Sex & HIV/AIDS education-program: Their impacts on sexual behaviors of young people throughout the World. Journal of Adolescent-Health 40(3):206-217. Kyiilleh, J.M., Taboong, P.T. & Konlaan, B. (2018). Adolescents reproductive-health-knowledge-choices and factors affecting reproductive health-choices: a qualitative study in the West Gonja District in Northern region, Ghana. BMC Int. Health& Human-Rights.18 (1)6. Lau, P. L., Nandy, M., & Chakraborty, S. (2023, January). Accelerating UN sustainable development goals with ai-driven technologies: A systematic literature review of women’s healthcare. Healthcare, 11, 3. MDPI. Mohammed, S. (2023). Analysis of national and subnational prevalence of adolescent pregnancy and changes in the associated sexual behaviours and sociodemographic determinants across three decades in Ghana, 1988–2019. BMJ open, 13(3), e068117. Morris, J. L., & Rushwan, H. (2015). Adolescent sexual and reproductive health: The global challenges. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 131, S40-S42. Munthari, A., Zulu, E.M. & Madise, N. (2006). Adolescent sexual& reproductive-health in Malawi-Results from 2004-National-Survey of Adolescents. Occasional-Report No. 24. New-York, Guttmacher-Institute. Mushtaque, T., Tunio, M. N., ur Rehman, Z., & Asif, M. (2021). INFLUENCE OF ADMINISTRATIVE EXPERTISE OF HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTITIONERS ON THE JOB PERFORMANCE: MEDIATING ROLE OF ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION. International Journal of Management (IJM), 12(4). National Research-Council& Institute of Medicine (2005). “Growing-up global: the transition to adulthood in developing countries”. (Ed) Lloyd, C.B. Washington DC: NRCIM-Academic Press. Peck, K. E., Bassani, D., Camara, S. M., Domingues, M. R., Sentell, T., Velez, M. P., & Pirkle, C. M. (2023). Adolescent childbirth and mobility disability among women ages 15–49: an analysis of population health surveys from 14 low-income and middle-income countries. BMJ open, 13(7), e072535. Qi, W., Li, H., Lian, Q., Zuo, X., Yu, C., Lou, C., & Tu, X. (2023). Knowledge level and access barriers related to sexual and reproductive health information among youth with disabilities in China: a cross-sectional study. Reproductive Health, 20(1), 1-11. Rice, M. (2000). Adolescent sexual & reproductive health. Reproductive-Biomedicine Web paper, 3, 78-86. Sadeghi, M., Jamshidimanesh, M., & Alimoradi, Z. (2023). Predictors of sexual and reproductive health self-care based on demographic factors in adolescent girls. 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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Adolescent Sexual Reproductive Health (ASRH) is crucial for the physical, emotional, and social well-being of adolescents. The paper aims to identify the barriers to ASRH in Ghana and suggest potential measures to address these challenges. The paper argues that socio-cultural and gender norms that stifle the rights and voices of adolescents, particularly adolescent girls regarding their sexuality, are a significant factor exacerbating other barriers to ASRH in Ghana. These norms perceive adolescents as inexperienced and lacking agency in their sexuality, consequently disregarding their voices. In addition to these norms, other barriers to ASRH in Ghana include inadequate ASRH education within and outside of schools, limited access to ASRH services and products, absence of adolescent-friendly sexual reproductive health services, and the high cost of sexual reproductive health services and contraceptives. These barriers put adolescents at a higher risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as HIV/AIDS, as well as other problems like unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions in Ghana. To address these challenges, the paper suggests several potential measures such as increasing access to affordable SRH services and products, improving ASRH education within schools, creating adolescent-friendly sexual reproductive health services, and promoting gender equality by empowering adolescent girls. References Ahinkorah, B. O., Kang, M., Perry, L., & Brooks, F. (2023). Knowledge and awareness of policies and programmes to reduce adolescent pregnancy in Ghana: a qualitative study among key stakeholders. Reproductive Health, 20(1), 143. Aliyu, T. K., & Aransiola, J. O. (2023). Factors associated with parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues in urban slums of Ibadan, southwest Nigeria. Community Health Equity Research & Policy, 44(1), 3-14. Akwara, E., Pinchoff, J., Abularrage, T., White, C., & Ngo, T. D. (2023). The Urban Environment and Disparities in Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes in the Global South: a Scoping Review. Journal of Urban Health, 1-37. Aninanya, G.A., Debpuur., C.Y., Awine, T., Williams J.E., Hodgson A, and Howard, N. (2015). “Effects of an adolescent-sexual and reproductive-health intervention on health-service: usage by young-people in Northern-Ghana: A community-randomized-trial”. PLoS ONE 10(4). Awusabo Asare, K., Biddleman, A., Kumi-Kyeremeh, A., & Patterson, K. (2006). Adolescent sexual & reproductive health in Ghana. Results from 2004-National-Survey of adolescents. Occasional-Report No. 22 New York, Guttmacher-Institute. Baku,E.A., Adanu, M.K. Richard& Adatara, P. (2017). Socio-cultural factors affecting parent-child communication on sexuality in Accra-Metropolis, Ghana. International Journal of Nursing & Midwifery 1, 2. Bankole, A., Ahmed, F.H., Neema, S., Quedraogo, C., & Konyan, S. (2007). “Knowledge of correct-condom-use & consistency of use among adolescents in Sub-saharan Africa” African Journal of Reproductive-Health 11(3): 197-220. Besoain-Saldaña, A., Bustamante-Bravo, J., Rebolledo Sanhueza, J., & Montt-Maray, E. (2023). Experiences, Barriers, and Facilitators to Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Access of People with Sensory Impairments: A Scoping Review. Sexuality and Disability, 41(2), 411-449. Budu, E., Seidu, A. A., Armah-Ansah, E. K., Frimpong, J. B., Aboagye, R. G., Anin, S. K., ... & Ahinkorah, B. O. (2023). Prevalence and predictors of premarital sexual intercourse among young women in sub-Saharan Africa. Reproductive health, 20(1), 1-11. Buitrago, D. C. C., & Pimentel, J. (2023). Barriers and facilitators influencing parent–adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health in Indigenous communities in Latin American countries: protocol for a scoping review. BMJ open, 13(3), e066416. Chandra-Mouli, V., McCarraher, D., Philips, S, J., Williamson, N. E., Hainsworth, G. (2014). Contraception for adolescents in LMIC-needs; barriers& access. Reproductive-Health 11(1)1-8. Chilambe, K., Mulubwa, C., Zulu, J. M., & Chavula, M. P. (2023). Experiences of teachers and community-based health workers in addressing adolescents’ sexual reproductive health and rights problems in rural health systems: a case of the RISE project in Zambia. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 335. Denno, D. M. & Andrea, J. H. (2015). Effective strategies to promote adolescent sexual & and reproductive health services & and to increase demand and community support. Journal of Adolescent-health 56(1) 22-41. Envuladu, E. A., Massar, K., & de Wit, J. (2023). Healthcare workers’ delivery of adolescent responsive sexual and reproductive healthcare services: an assessment in Plateau state, Nigeria. BMC Women's Health, 23(1), 132. Esantsi, S.F., Asare Quansah, JG. Kufour, E.O., Tapsoba, P., & Birungi, H. (2015). Understanding reproductive-health needs of adolescents in selected slums in Ghana: a public-health assessment. National Population-Council. Garbarino, J., (1985). Adolescent-development-An ecological-perspective. Columbus: OH, Charles E. Merrill. Ghana AIDS Commission. (2014). Country AIDS-Response Progress-Report. Accra. GAC. Ghana National-Population-Council (2001). Ghana adolescent-reproductive-health policy. GNPC. Ghana Statistical-Service (GSS) (2009). Macro 1. Ghana-demographic& health-survey. Accra. GSS & ICF-Macro Survey. Giri, S. (2022). Awareness of Uterine Prolapse among Women in Birendranagar’s Reproductive Age Group, Surkhet, Nepal. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 1(2), 49-69. GSS (2014). Ghana-demographic & health-survey. Accra. GSS & ICF-Macro-Survey. GSS & ICF-Macro Survey. Guiella, G., & Woog, V. (2006). Sante sexuelle et reproductive-des-adolescents au Burkina-Fasso: Resultats d’une enquete nationale en 2004. Occasional-Report No. 21 New York, Guttmacher-Institute. Guttmacher-Institute (2013). Abortion in Ghana. Guttmacher-Institute. Hirose, N., Sanmei, C., Okamoto, M., Madeni, F. E., Madeni, N., Teshima, A., & Shimpuku, Y. (2023). Associated factors for multidimensional attitudes and behaviors of reproductive health toward pregnancy among early and late adolescents in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. Reproductive Health, 20(1), 44. Ibitoye, M., Sommer, M., Davidson, L. L., & Sandfort, T. G. (2023). Exploring the effect of early menarche on sexual violence among adolescent girls and young women in southeastern Ghana: a longitudinal mediation analysis. Sexual and reproductive health matters, 31(1), 2244271. Jarvis, K., Richter, S., Adjorlolo, S., Swab, M., Tenkorang, E., Mao, Y., ... & Petrucka, P. (2023). Interventions impacting the accessibility of sexual reproductive health services for head porters in sub-Saharan Africa-A scoping review protocol. Plos one, 18(8), e0289564. Kamangu, A. A., John, M. R., & Nyakoki, S. J. (2017). Barriers to parent-child communication on sexual and reproductive health issues in East Africa: A review of qualitative research in four countries. Journal of African Studies and Development, 9(4), 45-50. Khalid, B., Zia urRehman, M., & Asghar, R. J. (2016). How to Augment Task and Contextual Performance through Employee Engagement. IBT Journal of Business Studies (JBS), 2(2). Kirby, D. B., Laris, B. A. & Rolleri, L. (2007). Sex & HIV/AIDS education-program: Their impacts on sexual behaviors of young people throughout the World. Journal of Adolescent-Health 40(3):206-217. Kyiilleh, J.M., Taboong, P.T. & Konlaan, B. (2018). Adolescents reproductive-health-knowledge-choices and factors affecting reproductive health-choices: a qualitative study in the West Gonja District in Northern region, Ghana. BMC Int. Health& Human-Rights.18 (1)6. Lau, P. L., Nandy, M., & Chakraborty, S. (2023, January). Accelerating UN sustainable development goals with ai-driven technologies: A systematic literature review of women’s healthcare. Healthcare, 11, 3. MDPI. Mohammed, S. (2023). Analysis of national and subnational prevalence of adolescent pregnancy and changes in the associated sexual behaviours and sociodemographic determinants across three decades in Ghana, 1988–2019. BMJ open, 13(3), e068117. Morris, J. L., & Rushwan, H. (2015). Adolescent sexual and reproductive health: The global challenges. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 131, S40-S42. Munthari, A., Zulu, E.M. & Madise, N. (2006). Adolescent sexual& reproductive-health in Malawi-Results from 2004-National-Survey of Adolescents. Occasional-Report No. 24. New-York, Guttmacher-Institute. Mushtaque, T., Tunio, M. N., ur Rehman, Z., & Asif, M. (2021). INFLUENCE OF ADMINISTRATIVE EXPERTISE OF HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTITIONERS ON THE JOB PERFORMANCE: MEDIATING ROLE OF ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION. International Journal of Management (IJM), 12(4). National Research-Council& Institute of Medicine (2005). “Growing-up global: the transition to adulthood in developing countries”. (Ed) Lloyd, C.B. Washington DC: NRCIM-Academic Press. Peck, K. E., Bassani, D., Camara, S. M., Domingues, M. R., Sentell, T., Velez, M. P., & Pirkle, C. M. (2023). Adolescent childbirth and mobility disability among women ages 15–49: an analysis of population health surveys from 14 low-income and middle-income countries. BMJ open, 13(7), e072535. Qi, W., Li, H., Lian, Q., Zuo, X., Yu, C., Lou, C., & Tu, X. (2023). Knowledge level and access barriers related to sexual and reproductive health information among youth with disabilities in China: a cross-sectional study. Reproductive Health, 20(1), 1-11. Rice, M. (2000). Adolescent sexual & reproductive health. Reproductive-Biomedicine Web paper, 3, 78-86. Sadeghi, M., Jamshidimanesh, M., & Alimoradi, Z. (2023). Predictors of sexual and reproductive health self-care based on demographic factors in adolescent girls. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and

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解构当代加纳ASRH的障碍

青少年性生殖健康（ASRH）对青少年的身体、情感和社会福祉至关重要。这篇论文旨在确定加纳的ASRH障碍，并提出解决这些挑战的潜在措施。该论文认为，社会文化和性别规范扼杀了青少年，特别是少女关于性行为的权利和声音，这是加剧加纳ASRH的其他障碍的一个重要因素。这些规范认为青少年在性方面缺乏经验和能动性，因此忽视了他们的声音。除了这些规范之外，加纳实施反性生殖健康的其他障碍还包括学校内外反性生殖健康教育不足、获得反性生殖健康服务和产品的机会有限、缺乏有利于青少年的性生殖健康服务，以及性生殖健康服务和避孕药具费用高昂。在加纳，这些障碍使青少年感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病等性传播感染的风险更高，也使他们面临意外怀孕和不安全堕胎等其他问题。为了应对这些挑战，该论文提出了一些潜在的措施，如增加获得负担得起的性健康和生殖健康服务和产品的机会，改善学校内的ASRH教育，创建对青少年友好的性生殖健康服务，以及通过赋予青春期女孩权力来促进性别平等。参考文献Ahinkorah， b.o., Kang， M., Perry， L., & Brooks， F.（2023）。加纳减少青少年怀孕的政策和方案的知识和认识：主要利益攸关方的定性研究。生殖健康，20(1),143。阿利尤，t.k.， &安兰西奥拉，j.o.（2023）。尼日利亚西南部伊巴丹市城市贫民窟中与父母-青少年就性健康和生殖健康问题进行沟通有关的因素。社区卫生公平研究与对策，2014(1),3-14。Akwara， E., Pinchoff， J., Abularrage， T., White， C., and; Ngo, t.d.（2023）。全球南方城市环境与性健康和生殖健康结果差异：范围审查。城市卫生杂志，1-37。阿尼尼亚，德普尔的g.a.。， c.y., Awine， T., Williams j.e., Hodgson A, and Howard， N.（2015）。“青少年性健康和生殖健康干预对保健服务的影响：加纳北部年轻人的使用情况：一项社区随机试验”。PLoS ONE 10(4)。Awusabo Asare， K., Biddleman， A., Kumi-Kyeremeh， A., & Patterson， K.（2006）。加纳青少年性健康和生殖健康。2004年全国青少年调查结果。偶尔报告第22号，纽约，古特马赫研究所。巴库,电子艺界Adanu， M.K. Richard& Adatara， P.（2017）。社会文化因素影响加纳阿克拉-大都会的亲子性交流。国际护理与助产杂志1,2。Bankole， A., Ahmed, f.h., Neema， S., Quedraogo， C., & & Konyan， S.（2007）。“撒哈拉以南非洲青少年正确使用避孕套的知识和一致性”，《非洲生殖健康杂志》11(3):197-220。Besoain-Saldaña， A., Bustamante-Bravo， J., Rebolledo Sanhueza， J., & mont - maray， E.（2023）。感觉障碍者获得性与生殖健康护理的经验、障碍和促进因素：范围综述性与残疾，41(2),411-449。Budu， E., Seidu， A. A., Armah-Ansah， E. K., Frimpong， J. B., Aboagye， R. G., Anin， S. K.，…阿欣科拉，b.o.（2023）。撒哈拉以南非洲年轻妇女婚前性行为的流行率和预测因素。生殖健康，20(1),1-11。皮门特尔，J.（2023）。影响拉丁美洲国家土著社区父母-青少年性健康和生殖健康交流的障碍和促进因素：范围审查议定书。中华医学杂志，13(3),e066416。Chandra-Mouli， V., McCarraher， D., Philips， S， J., Williamson, n.e., Hainsworth， G.（2014）。低收入和中等收入国家青少年的避孕需求；barriers&访问。生殖健康11(1)1 - 8。Chilambe， K., Mulubwa， C., Zulu， J. M.和Chavula， M. P.（2023）。教师和社区卫生工作者在农村卫生系统中处理青少年性健康、生殖健康和权利问题的经验：以赞比亚RISE项目为例。中华卫生杂志，23(1),335。Denno, d.m. & Andrea, j.h.（2015）。促进青少年性健康和生殖健康服务以及增加需求和社区支持的有效战略。青少年健康杂志56(1)22-41。Envuladu， E. A, Massar， K., & de Wit， J.（2023）。卫生保健工作者提供青少年响应性和生殖保健服务：尼日利亚高原州的一项评估。妇产医学杂志，23(1),132。Esantsi， S.F, Asare Quansah， JG。Kufour， E.O, Tapsoba， P., & Birungi， H.（2015）。了解加纳选定贫民窟青少年的生殖健康需求：一项公共卫生评估。国家人口理事会。Garbarino， J.,（1985）。Adolescent-development-An生态角度。哥伦布：哦，查尔斯·e·梅里尔。加纳艾滋病委员会。(2014)。国家艾滋病应对进展报告。阿克拉。广汽。加纳全国人口委员会（2001年）。加纳青少年生殖健康政策。加纳国家石油公司。加纳统计局（GSS）（2009）。宏1。Ghana-demographic&健康调查。阿克拉。GSS & icf宏观调查。吉丽，S.（2022）。尼泊尔Surkhet， Birendranagar育龄妇女对子宫脱垂的认识。社会科学学报，1(2),49-69。GSS(2014)。加纳——人口健康调查。阿克拉。GSS & icf宏观调查GSS & icf宏观调查。guella， G, &; Woog， V.（2006）。布基纳法索青少年性健康和生殖健康：2004年全国调查结果。偶尔报告第21号，纽约，古特马赫研究所。古特马赫研究所(2013)。加纳的堕胎。古特马赫研究所。Hirose， N., Sanmei， C., Okamoto， M., Madeni， F. E., Madeni， N., Teshima， A., and amp; Shimpuku， Y.（2023）。影响坦桑尼亚青少年早孕和晚孕生殖健康多维态度和行为的相关因素：一项横断面研究。生殖健康，20(1),44。Ibitoye， M., Sommer， M., Davidson， L. L., and; Sandfort， T. G.（2023）。探讨初潮早期对加纳东南部少女和年轻妇女性暴力的影响：纵向调解分析。性健康和生殖健康问题，31(1),2244271。Jarvis， K., Richter， S., Adjorlolo， S., Swab， M., Tenkorang， E., Mao， Y.…佩特鲁卡，P.（2023）。影响撒哈拉以南非洲领班获得性生殖健康服务的干预措施：范围审查议定书。科学通报，18(8),e0289564。卡曼古，A. A.，约翰，M. R., &; Nyakoki， S. J.（2017）。东非在性健康和生殖健康问题上阻碍亲子交流的障碍：对四个国家定性研究的回顾。非洲研究与发展，9(4),45-50。Khalid， B., Zia urRehman， M., &; Asghar， R. J.（2016）。如何通过员工敬业度提高任务和情境绩效。商业研究（JBS）， 2(2)。Kirby， D. B., Laris， B. A. & Rolleri， L.（2007）。性与爱滋病教育计划：它们对全世界年轻人性行为的影响。青少年健康杂志，40(3):206-217。Kyiilleh, j.m., Taboong， P.T. & Konlaan， B.（2018）。青少年生殖健康知识选择和影响生殖健康选择的因素：加纳北部地区西贡贾区的定性研究。BMC Int。Health& Human-Rights.18(1) 6。Lau， P. L, Nandy， M., & & Chakraborty， S.（2023, 1月）。以人工智能驱动的技术加速联合国可持续发展目标：对妇女保健的系统文献综述。医疗保健11,3。MDPI。穆罕默德，S.（2023）。1988-2019年加纳全国和次全国青少年怀孕率以及相关性行为和社会人口决定因素变化的分析中华医学杂志，13(3),e068117。莫里斯，J. L., & &；拉什万，H.（2015）。青少年性健康和生殖健康：全球挑战。国际妇产科学杂志，131,S40-S42。Munthari， A., Zulu， E.M. & Madise， N.（2006）。马拉维青少年性健康和生殖健康——2004年全国青少年调查结果。不定期报告第24号纽约,古特马赫研究所。Mushtaque， T., tuunio， M. N., ur Rehman， Z., & Asif， M.（2021）。人力资源从业人员行政专长对工作绩效的影响：成就动机的中介作用。国际管理学报，12(4)。国家研究委员会和医学研究所（2005）。“全球成长：发展中国家向成年的过渡”。（编）劳埃德，C.B.华盛顿特区：nccim -学术出版社。Peck, k.e., Bassani， D., Camara, s.m., Domingues, m.r, Sentell， T., Velez, m.p, & & Pirkle, c.m.（2023）。青少年生育和15-49岁妇女的行动障碍：对14个低收入和中等收入国家人口健康调查的分析。中华医学杂志，13(7),e072535。七、W。李,H。丽安,问,左,X。,,,卢,C,和你,X(2023)。中国残疾青年性健康和生殖健康信息的知识水平和获取障碍：一项横断面研究生殖健康，20(1),1-11。Rice， M.（2000）。青少年性健康和生殖健康。生殖生物医学网络论文，3,78-86。Sadeghi， M, Jamshidimanesh， M, & Alimoradi， Z.（2023）。

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来源期刊

Indian Journal of Social Work Social Sciences-Social Sciences (miscellaneous)

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0.10

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0.00%

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期刊介绍： The Indian Journal of Social Work (IJSW) is the flagship publication of the Tata Institute of Social Sciences, and is brought out by its Publications Unit. Published every January, April, July and October, the TISS entered its 77th year of uninterrupted publishing, a record in journal publishing, in 2016. The first issue of the IJSW was brought out in June 1940. It focussed on two aspects of Child Welfare - Children in Industry and Juvenile Delinquency. The main objectives of the IJSW are to: cater to the need for literature on social work, and be a medium of dissemination of indigenous work being carried out in the country. Over the years, the IJSW has kept pace with changing perspectives and developments in the field of social work and social work education. The IJSW has brought out over 50 Special/Focus issues since 1940.