Production of carbon dots, biofuels, bio-adsorbents, and biological nutrients via hydrothermal conversion of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and oilseed rape straw

Biochar Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI:10.1007/s42773-025-00482-y

Jingmiao Zhang, Bin Zhang, Ao Xia, Qingming Zhou, Xianqing Zhu, Yun Huang, Xun Zhu, Qiang Liao

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引用次数: 4

Abstract

Abstract Biomass hydrothermal conversion has received extensive attention due to its advantages of strong adaptability of raw materials, no need to dry feedstock, and relatively mild conditions . Chlorella pyrenoidosa (CP) and oilseed rape straw (OS), two kinds of typical biomass, were hydrothermally treated at 230 °C for 6 h to produce carbon dots (CDs), hydrochar (HC), bio-oil (OR), aqueous product (AQ), and volatile product (VO). The CP hydrothermal process generated the highest yield of CDs (16.3%), and the OS hydrothermal process produced the most HC (26.3%). The co-hydrothermal treatment of CP/OS promoted the production of HC and VO via carbonization, decarboxylation, and dehydration reactions between CP and OS degradation products. The CP, OS, and CP/OS based CDs (CD-CP, CD-OS, and CD-CP/OS) in the size of 1.5‒26.5 nm emitted blue light and displayed 3.3‒11.1% of fluorescence quantum yield. More than 42.3% of methylene blue could be photodegraded by CD-CP, which was 2.1 and 1.4 times higher than that by CD-OS and CD-CP/OS. The higher heating values of HCs and ORs were 23.0‒27.8 MJ kg −1 and 25.5‒38.5 MJ kg −1 , showing potential to apply as biofuels. The HCs were confirmed to be outstanding bio-adsorbents that could remove 15.4‒68.9% methylene blue with an absorption capacity of up to 275.6 mg g −1 . Moreover, the AQs were verified to be potentially used as biological nutrients for microalgae cultivation. This study co-produced CDs, BO, HC, and AQ through the hydrothermal conversion of CP and OS, efficiently utilizing them as photocatalysts, biofuels, bio-adsorbents, and biological nutrients. Graphical abstract

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热液转化核核小球藻和油菜秸秆生产碳点、生物燃料、生物吸附剂和生物营养物

生物质水热转化因其对原料适应性强、无需干燥原料、条件相对温和等优点而受到广泛关注。以核核小球藻（Chlorella pyrenoidosa， CP）和油菜秸秆（oilseed straw， OS）两种典型生物质为原料，在230℃下水热处理6 h，得到碳点（cd）、烃类（HC）、生物油（OR）、水产物（AQ）和挥发性产物（VO）。CP水热法的CDs收率最高（16.3%），OS水热法的HC收率最高（26.3%）。CP/OS共水热处理通过CP和OS降解产物的碳化、脱羧和脱水反应促进HC和VO的生成。基于CP、OS和CP/OS的cd （CD-CP、CD-OS和CD-CP/OS）尺寸为1.5 ~ 26.5 nm，发出蓝光，荧光量子产率为3.3 ~ 11.1%。CD-CP对亚甲基蓝的光降解率达42.3%以上，分别是CD-OS和CD-CP/OS的2.1和1.4倍。hc和ORs的较高热值分别为23.0-27.8 MJ kg - 1和25.5-38.5 MJ kg - 1，显示出作为生物燃料的潜力。实验结果表明，hc是一种出色的生物吸附剂，对亚甲基蓝的吸附率为15.4% ~ 68.9%，吸附量为275.6 mg g−1。此外，还验证了这些AQs具有作为微藻培养生物营养物的潜力。本研究通过CP和OS的水热转化，共同生产cd、BO、HC和AQ，有效地利用它们作为光催化剂、生物燃料、生物吸附剂和生物营养物。图形抽象

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Biochar

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