Seroprevalence of dengue virus infection in people residing in Vietnam: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract

Objectives: To estimate the seroprevalence of anti-DENV antibodies in Vietnam, examining regional variability, demographic differences, and serotype distribution.

Study design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for studies published from January 2000 to June 2024. Eligible studies included observational studies reporting laboratory-confirmed dengue infections via serological assays (IgG, IgM) or molecular methods (RT-PCR). We utilized random-effects models to estimate pooled seroprevalence and assessed heterogeneity through the Inconsistency Index (I²). Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's test.

Results: Thirty-four studies involving 28,477 individuals were included. The overall pooled seroprevalence of dengue in Vietnam was 40.98% (95% CI: 30.52-51.43%), with substantial heterogeneity across study populations, geographic regions, and diagnostic methods, demonstrating regional variability ranging from 3.05% to 88.8%. This wide range likely reflects differences in study settings, including community-based populations, outbreak investigations, and clinically selected groups. Seroprevalence was higher among children aged 0-16 years (45.52%, 95% CI: 22.32-68.72%), which may partly reflect studies conducted in high-transmission or outbreak settings. Studies conducted among clinically suspected dengue cases showed seroprevalence of 30.57% (95% CI: 18.00-43.15%), although these estimates may be influenced by selection bias because participants were recruited based on clinical suspicion rather than from the general population. Secondary dengue infections were prevalent, ranging broadly between 26 and 75%. DENV-1 and DENV-2 serotypes were dominant, with DENV-2 becoming more frequent since 2021.

Conclusions: This study underscores dengue's endemic nature in Vietnam, highlighting significant heterogeneity in seroprevalence related to geographical and demographic factors. The high prevalence of secondary infections and the predominance of DENV-1 and DENV-2 serotypes emphasize the need for targeted public health strategies, enhanced surveillance, and optimized vaccination programs tailored to regional and age-specific risk profiles.