Self-esteem instability as a dynamic mechanism linking self-esteem and impostor syndrome within the context of maladaptive parenting.

Abstract

The relationship between self-esteem and impostor syndrome has been widely studied, with research consistently demonstrating a strong inverse correlation between these constructs. Evidence indicates that self-esteem plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of impostor tendencies, though its effects extend beyond simply being low or high. In particular, unstable, fragile, or conditional self-esteem, where self-worth fluctuates frequently based on external feedback or performance outcomes (mostly downward), is claimed to play a key factor in reinforcing impostor feelings. Individuals with unstable self-esteem experience heightened sensitivity to perceived failures and social comparisons, making them more susceptible to doubts about their accomplishments and an increased tendency to attribute success to external factors such as luck or deception. Parental and familial influences may also shape the development of self-esteem and impostor tendencies. Certain parenting styles, including overprotectiveness, excessive criticism, and conditional approval, contribute to the formation of self-esteem that is contingent on achievement and at increased risk of developing impostor feelings. In such environments, individuals learn to equate their worth with external validation, leading to a cycle where impostor feelings become more pronounced when self-worth is undermined. Hence, intervention focusing on reinforcing a more resilient sense of self-esteem may provide promising avenues for mitigating impostor feelings. By integrating these perspectives, this theoretical work advances the understanding of how self-esteem plays a crucial role in the experience of impostor syndrome.