Maternal Supplementation with Baru Almond and Oil (Dipteryx alata Vog.) Improves Hepatic and Cardiometabolic Health in Adult Offspring Rats: Role of Phenolics and Unsaturated Fatty Acids.
Rita de Cássia de Araújo Bidô, Diego Elias Pereira, Maciel da Costa Alves, Renally de Lima Moura, Elisiane Beatriz da Silva, Larissa Maria Gomes Dutra, Sócrates Golzio Dos Santos, Daline Fernandes de Souza Araújo, Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra, Juliana Késsia Barbosa Soares
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Maternal nutrition during critical periods influences long-term metabolic and cardiovascular health in offspring, with bioactive compounds like unsaturated fatty acids and phenolics promoting beneficial early-life metabolic adaptations.
Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of maternal supplementation with baru almond and baru almond oil during gestation and lactation on metabolic, hepatic, and cardiovascular outcomes in adult rat offspring.
Methods: Pregnant Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Control (CG), Almond (AG), and Oil (OG), with the experimental groups receiving 2,000 mg/kg/day of baru almond/oil by gavage. Gavage was administered daily from the first day of pregnancy until the 21st day of lactation. In the post-lactation period, the puppies received standard feed (Nuvilab®, Curitiba, PR, Brazil) and water ad libitum. Offspring were monitored for food intake, weight gain, and body measurements. At adulthood (70 days of life), murinometric indices were assessed, plasma biochemical markers were analyzed, and hepatic tissue was used to evaluate fat content, fatty acid profiles, and oxidative stress parameters.
Results: The AG group showed higher food intake at specific time points, greater body length, lower BMI, and increased thoracic circumference and adiposity index, along with higher fat deposition. Both AG and OG groups exhibited reduced cardiovascular risk indices, more pronounced in AG. Plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides, AST, ALT, creatinine, urea, and albumin were significantly lower in experimental groups. Total cholesterol and HDL-c were higher in AG, while hepatic fat was reduced in OG. Both treatments improved hepatic antioxidant status, decreasing malondialdehyde and increasing glutathione levels. Fatty acid analysis of the liver showed increased monounsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, reduced saturated fatty acids, and a more favorable lipid profile, with decreased ω6 fatty acids, increased DHA, and a lower ω6/ω3 ratio in the experimental groups compared to the control.
Conclusions: Overall, maternal supplementation promoted beneficial metabolic and hepatic adaptations in offspring.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Nutrition (JN/J Nutr) publishes peer-reviewed original research papers covering all aspects of experimental nutrition in humans and other animal species; special articles such as reviews and biographies of prominent nutrition scientists; and issues, opinions, and commentaries on controversial issues in nutrition. Supplements are frequently published to provide extended discussion of topics of special interest.
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