{"title":"The Effectiveness of PFMT in Treating Postpartum Urinary 1 Incontinence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Yunna Chen, Jinlin Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00192-026-06656-x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in preventing and treating postpartum urinary incontinence remains inconclusive. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in treating postpartum urinary incontinence (PPUI).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We systematically searched Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCT) investigating PFMT for PPUI. Studies published before October 2024 were included. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (ROB 2.0). Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models, with effect sizes reported as risk ratios (RR) or standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 19 RCTs were included in the analysis. Statistically significant improvements were observed in pelvic floor muscle strength (SMD 0.61, 95% CI [0.10, 1.12], P = 0.02) and endurance (SMD 0.68, 95% CI [0.06, 1.30], P = 0.03). However, no significant differences were found in quality of life (SMD -0.46, 95% CI [-1.18, 0.27], P = 0.22) or urinary incontinence incidence (RR 0.87, 95% CI [0.73, 1.04], P = 0.12). The subgroup analysis demonstrated that supervised PFMT interventions lasting more than 8 weeks were the most effective approach for improving pelvic floor muscle strength.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) demonstrates significant efficacy in improving pelvic floor muscle function (strength and endurance) in postpartum women with urinary incontinence (UI), supporting its physiological mechanism of action. However, owing to limitations in the available data and substantial heterogeneity across studies, the direct impact of PFMT on symptom resolution-specifically UI incidence and quality of life-remains less certain and should be interpreted with caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":14355,"journal":{"name":"International Urogynecology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Urogynecology Journal","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-026-06656-x","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Introduction: The efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in preventing and treating postpartum urinary incontinence remains inconclusive. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in treating postpartum urinary incontinence (PPUI).
Method: We systematically searched Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCT) investigating PFMT for PPUI. Studies published before October 2024 were included. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (ROB 2.0). Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models, with effect sizes reported as risk ratios (RR) or standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results: A total of 19 RCTs were included in the analysis. Statistically significant improvements were observed in pelvic floor muscle strength (SMD 0.61, 95% CI [0.10, 1.12], P = 0.02) and endurance (SMD 0.68, 95% CI [0.06, 1.30], P = 0.03). However, no significant differences were found in quality of life (SMD -0.46, 95% CI [-1.18, 0.27], P = 0.22) or urinary incontinence incidence (RR 0.87, 95% CI [0.73, 1.04], P = 0.12). The subgroup analysis demonstrated that supervised PFMT interventions lasting more than 8 weeks were the most effective approach for improving pelvic floor muscle strength.
Conclusion: Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) demonstrates significant efficacy in improving pelvic floor muscle function (strength and endurance) in postpartum women with urinary incontinence (UI), supporting its physiological mechanism of action. However, owing to limitations in the available data and substantial heterogeneity across studies, the direct impact of PFMT on symptom resolution-specifically UI incidence and quality of life-remains less certain and should be interpreted with caution.
前言：盆底肌训练（PFMT）在预防和治疗产后尿失禁中的效果尚不明确。本系统综述旨在评价盆底肌训练（PFMT）治疗产后尿失禁（PPUI）的疗效。方法：我们系统地检索Embase、PubMed和Cochrane图书馆中关于PFMT治疗PPUI的随机对照试验（RCT）。在2024年10月之前发表的研究也被纳入其中。两位审稿人独立筛选研究，提取数据，并使用Cochrane风险偏倚工具（ROB 2.0）评估方法学质量。使用随机效应模型进行meta分析，效应大小报告为风险比（RR）或95%置信区间（CI）的标准化平均差异（SMD）。结果：共纳入19项rct。在盆底肌力（SMD 0.61, 95% CI [0.10, 1.12], P = 0.02）和耐力（SMD 0.68, 95% CI [0.06, 1.30], P = 0.03）方面均有统计学意义的改善。然而，两组患者在生活质量（SMD = -0.46, 95% CI [-1.18, 0.27], P = 0.22）和尿失禁发生率（RR = 0.87, 95% CI [0.73, 1.04], P = 0.12）方面无显著差异。亚组分析表明，持续8周以上的PFMT干预是改善盆底肌力的最有效方法。结论：盆底肌训练（PFMT）对改善产后尿失禁（UI）妇女盆底肌功能（力量和耐力）有显著疗效，支持其生理作用机制。然而，由于现有数据的局限性和研究之间的实质性异质性，PFMT对症状缓解的直接影响-特别是尿失禁发生率和生活质量-仍然不太确定，应谨慎解释。
期刊介绍：
The International Urogynecology Journal is the official journal of the International Urogynecological Association (IUGA).The International Urogynecology Journal has evolved in response to a perceived need amongst the clinicians, scientists, and researchers active in the field of urogynecology and pelvic floor disorders. Gynecologists, urologists, physiotherapists, nurses and basic scientists require regular means of communication within this field of pelvic floor dysfunction to express new ideas and research, and to review clinical practice in the diagnosis and treatment of women with disorders of the pelvic floor. This Journal has adopted the peer review process for all original contributions and will maintain high standards with regard to the research published therein. The clinical approach to urogynecology and pelvic floor disorders will be emphasized with each issue containing clinically relevant material that will be immediately applicable for clinical medicine. This publication covers all aspects of the field in an interdisciplinary fashion
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