A comparative study on microstructure and corrosion behavior of laser-clad heterostructured and additively manufactured 304L stainless steel

IF 3.9 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Science Pub Date : 2026-05-03 DOI:10.1007/s10853-026-12834-5

Guixuan Zhou, Jian Guo, Cong Wang, Chu Wu, Dongqun Xin

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Abstract

Heterostructured (HS) materials have emerged as a promising strategy to overcome the strength-ductility trade-off in metallic materials. However, their corrosion behavior, particularly when fabricated via laser cladding, remains less understood. This study investigates the microstructural evolution and corrosion behavior of 304L stainless steel fabricated by laser cladding to form a heterostructured "sandwich" (HS sample) and a bulk additively manufactured (AM) sample. The results indicate that the laser-clad samples exhibited inferior pitting resistance compared to the rolled and annealed 304L substrate in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution, with the AM sample performing the worst. This degradation is primarily attributed to micro-segregation-induced Cr-depleted zones and an unfavorable grain boundary character distribution, specifically a significant reduction in Σ3 twin boundaries and a high fraction of low-angle grain boundaries, which facilitated pit initiation and propagation. Interestingly, the ultra-fine grained (UFG) zone in the HS sample, despite its lower Σ3 fraction, showed relatively improved passivation behavior compared with the AM sample. This behavior is likely associated with its finer and more homogeneous microstructure and the high density of grain boundaries, which may facilitate short-range Cr transport and local repassivation.

Graphical abstract

The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

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激光熔覆异质组织与增材制造304L不锈钢的显微组织与腐蚀行为比较研究

异质结构（HS）材料已成为一种很有前途的策略，以克服金属材料的强度和延性权衡。然而，它们的腐蚀行为，特别是通过激光熔覆制造时，仍然知之甚少。研究了激光熔覆304L不锈钢异质结构“三明治”（HS样品）和体增材制造（AM）样品的微观组织演变和腐蚀行为。结果表明，在3.5 wt.% NaCl溶液中，激光熔覆样品的抗点蚀性能低于轧制和退火后的304L基体，其中增材制造样品的抗点蚀性能最差。这种退化主要归因于微偏析诱导的贫铬带和不利的晶界特征分布，特别是Σ3孪晶界的显著减少和低角度晶界的高比例，这有利于坑的形成和扩展。有趣的是，HS样品中的超细晶（UFG）区，尽管其Σ3分数较低，但与AM样品相比，表现出相对更好的钝化行为。这种行为可能与其更细、更均匀的组织和高密度的晶界有关，这可能有利于Cr的短程输运和局部再钝化。图形抽象此图像的替代文本可能是使用AI生成的。

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来源期刊

Journal of Materials Science 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

7.90

自引率

4.40%

发文量

1297

审稿时长

2.4 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Materials Science publishes reviews, full-length papers, and short Communications recording original research results on, or techniques for studying the relationship between structure, properties, and uses of materials. The subjects are seen from international and interdisciplinary perspectives covering areas including metals, ceramics, glasses, polymers, electrical materials, composite materials, fibers, nanostructured materials, nanocomposites, and biological and biomedical materials. The Journal of Materials Science is now firmly established as the leading source of primary communication for scientists investigating the structure and properties of all engineering materials.