Development of a novel hybrid alphavirus-Nipah virus pseudovirion for rapid quantification of vaccine-induced neutralization antibodies.

IF 7 2区医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY

Emerging Microbes & Infections Pub Date : 2026-12-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-30 DOI:10.1080/22221751.2026.2660425

Brian Hetrick, Sravya Sowdamini Nakka, Dongyang Yu, Sarah Swineford, Nadia Storm, Anthony Griffiths, Yuntao Wu

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Abstract

Nipah virus (NiV) is an emergent paramyxovirus that causes serious disease in humans and animals. Accurate quantification of neutralizing antibodies (nAB) against NiV is essential for vaccine development. The current standard, the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), requires authentic infectious NiV and BSL-4 containment, taking 4-7 days to complete. In this study, we developed a hybrid alphavirus-Nipah virus pseudovirion (Ha-NiV) composed of a non-replicating Nipah virus virus-like particle (VLP) that encapsulates an RNA genome from a fast-expressing SFV (Semliki Forest Virus) alphaviral vector. Ha-NiV can infect NiV target cells but is replication incompetent, enabling rapid quantification of nAB (6-18 h) in BSL-2 conditions. We demonstrated concentration-dependent neutralization of Ha-NiV using an anti-NiV F glycoprotein antibody, 12B2, which is induced with a prefusion stabilized NiV F ectodomain trimer. We further validated the Ha-NiV-based neutralization assay using sera from Nipah virus-infected African green monkeys, and established a good correlation (R² = 0.86) with PRNT, demonstrating comparable specificity and sensitivity. These results demonstrate that the Ha-NiV assay can serve as a novel platform for convenient and rapid quantification of vaccine-induced nAB in BSL-2 settings.

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研制一种新型混合甲型病毒-尼帕病毒假病毒粒子，用于快速定量测定疫苗诱导的中和抗体。

尼帕病毒是一种突发副粘病毒，可在人类和动物中引起严重疾病。针对NiV的中和抗体（nAB）的准确定量对疫苗开发至关重要。目前的标准是斑块减少中和试验（PRNT），需要真正的感染性NiV和BSL-4遏制，需要4-7天才能完成。在这项研究中，我们开发了一种混合甲型病毒-尼帕病毒假病毒粒子（Ha-NiV），该病毒粒子由非复制性尼帕病毒样粒子（VLP）组成，该粒子封装了快速表达的SFV（塞姆利基森林病毒）甲型病毒载体的RNA基因组。Ha-NiV可以感染NiV靶细胞，但不能复制，在BSL-2条件下可以快速定量nAB （6-18 h）。我们使用抗NiV F糖蛋白抗体12B2证明了Ha-NiV的浓度依赖性中和作用，该抗体是用预融合稳定的NiV F外结构域三聚体诱导的。我们利用尼帕病毒感染的非洲绿猴血清进一步验证了ha - niv为基础的中和试验，并与PRNT建立了良好的相关性（R²= 0.86），具有相当的特异性和敏感性。这些结果表明，Ha-NiV试验可以作为一种新的平台，方便、快速地定量BSL-2环境下疫苗诱导的nAB。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Emerging Microbes & Infections IMMUNOLOGY-MICROBIOLOGY

CiteScore

26.20

自引率

2.30%

发文量

276

审稿时长

20 weeks

期刊介绍： Emerging Microbes & Infections is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to publishing research at the intersection of emerging immunology and microbiology viruses. The journal's mission is to share information on microbes and infections, particularly those gaining significance in both biological and clinical realms due to increased pathogenic frequency. Emerging Microbes & Infections is committed to bridging the scientific gap between developed and developing countries. This journal addresses topics of critical biological and clinical importance, including but not limited to: - Epidemic surveillance - Clinical manifestations - Diagnosis and management - Cellular and molecular pathogenesis - Innate and acquired immune responses between emerging microbes and their hosts - Drug discovery - Vaccine development research Emerging Microbes & Infections invites submissions of original research articles, review articles, letters, and commentaries, fostering a platform for the dissemination of impactful research in the field.