Current state of knowledge on the sensitivity of polynitro compounds to electric spark

IF 5.1

FirePhysChem Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-13 DOI:10.1016/j.fpc.2025.09.005

Svatopluk Zeman, Veerabhadragouda B. Patil

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Abstract

The results of 32 years of research on the determination of the electric-spark sensitivity (E_ES) of energetic materials (EMs), carried out at the University of Pardubice, have been incorporated into STANAG 4490 and adopted as the Czech defense standard ČOS137601. This article presents the rationale behind the design of the spark gap in the relevant testing device. It explains the mechanism of electron addition to the most reactive nitro group and outlines the methods for identifying the electrosplitting reaction centers in energetic molecules containing X–NO₂ (X = C or N) trigger bonds, including the splitting mechanism. The paper also confirms the presence of hot spots during electric-spark initiation and discusses the impact of foreign impurities in the sample tested on this sensitivity. Furthermore, it documents how E_ES is affected by lattice free volume, intrinsic molecular volume and the heat of fusion. Finally, it shows how E_ES is influenced by the energy content and performance of nitramines and polynitroarenes and demonstrates the relationship between this sensitivity and the thermal reactivity of the EMs studied.

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多硝基化合物对电火花敏感性的研究现状

Pardubice大学对含能材料（EMs）的电火花灵敏度（EES）的测定进行了32年的研究，其结果已被纳入STANAG 4490并被采纳为捷克国防标准ČOS137601。本文介绍了相关测试装置中火花间隙设计的基本原理。解释了电子加成到最活泼的硝基上的机理，概述了含X - no2 （X = C或N）触发键的高能分子中电分裂反应中心的识别方法，包括分裂机理。本文还证实了电火花引发过程中存在热点，并讨论了被测样品中外来杂质对该灵敏度的影响。此外，它还记录了EES如何受到晶格自由体积、分子固有体积和聚变热的影响。最后，它显示了如何EES受能量含量和性能的影响，硝胺和多硝基芳烃，并证明了这种灵敏度与所研究的EMs的热反应性之间的关系。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

FirePhysChem

CiteScore

1.40

自引率

0.00%

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