Energetic one-dimensional assemblies of MOFs and their derivatives for advanced electrochemical applications

Abstract

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derived porous composites have garnered significant scientific attention due to their exceptional porosity, high specific surface area, and tunable composition. One-dimensional (1D) nanostructures, characterized by directional charge transport, high aspect ratios, and structural continuity, offer fundamental advantages in overcoming key limitations in conductivity, active site accessibility, and mechanical stability inherent to many energy materials. MOFs with their exceptional synthetic tunability serve as an ideal building block for such purpose-engineered 1D systems. Specifically, the hierarchical 1D assembly of nanoscale building blocks can establish interconnected conductive networks, enabling collective functionalities and performance enhancement beyond those of individual components. Therefore, 1D MOF-based assemblies and their derivatives have emerged as highly promising candidates for advanced energy conversion and storage applications. In this review, we systematically summarize recent advances in 1D MOF-based architectures, with a focus on compositional modulation, structural engineering, and assembly strategies (including self-assembly and template-assisted assembly) across molecular to macroscopic scales. Additionally, several important applications in electrochemical energy conversion and storage are illustrated. Finally, some challenges and future directions in this area are presented. We anticipate that this comprehensive review will provide valuable insights for the rational design and construction of unique 1D MOF-based assemblies and their derivatives, ultimately advancing their practical implementation in next-generation energy technologies.