Distribution and chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols over the Gulf of Thailand during the southwest monsoon

IF 2.5 3区地球科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Marine Chemistry Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-20 DOI:10.1016/j.marchem.2026.104645

Jariya Kayee , Penjai Sompongchaiyakul , Reshmi Das , Xianfeng Wang , Narainrit Chinfak , Sukchai Arnupapboon , Sujaree Bureekul

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Abstract

Marine aerosols were collected over the Gulf of Thailand (GOT) during the 2018 southwest monsoon on board the M.V. SEAFDEC2 while sailing. Water-soluble inorganic ions (i.e., Na⁺, NH₄⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, and SO₄²⁻) and elemental concentrations (i.e., Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, and Zn) were determined to investigate their distribution patterns in order to evaluate the influence of particle sources on the chemical properties of atmospheric aerosols. During the southwest monsoon, the wind predominantly blows over the Indian Ocean to the GOT. Correspondingly, our results indicated that coarse particles are dominated by sea salts. Cl⁻ and Na⁺ are the major ions, accounting for ∼64.8% (range: 51.2–84.3%) of total ions in the coarse mode particles. The strong correlation between Cl⁻ and Na⁺ (r = 0.999) along with the Cl/Na ratio (1.5, range: 0.66–2.00) suggest sea salt origin. Enrichment factor (EF) values indicate that elements are originated from oceanic, crustal, and anthropogenic sources. The oceanic source (Sr, Ca, Mg and Na) explains 95% (range: 81–99%) of total elements in the aerosols. Elements such as Al, Fe, Mn and Ba explain 4.6% of the total elements. These elements associate with the crustal source. Only a minimal amount (0.63%, range: 0.02–4.5%) of the total elements is originated from anthropogenic activities over or nearby the GOT as shown by loading of As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, V and Zn.

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西南季候风期间泰国湾上空气溶胶的分布和化学成分

2018年西南季风期间，在海上航行的M.V. SEAFDEC2上收集了泰国湾（GOT）上空的海洋气溶胶。测定了水溶无机离子（Na+、NH4+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cl−、NO3−和SO42−）和元素浓度（Al、As、Ba、Ca、Cd、Cu、Cr、Fe、Mg、Mn、Na、Ni、Pb、Sr、V和Zn）的分布规律，以评价颗粒源对大气气溶胶化学性质的影响。在西南季候风期间，风主要从印度洋吹向东北偏南。相应地，我们的结果表明，粗颗粒以海盐为主。Cl−和Na+是主要离子，占粗态粒子总离子的约64.8%（范围：51.2 ~ 84.3%）。Cl−和Na+之间的强相关性（r = 0.999）以及Cl/Na比值（1.5，范围：0.66-2.00）表明海盐来源。富营养化因子（EF）值表明元素来源于海洋、地壳和人为来源。海洋来源（Sr、Ca、Mg和Na）解释了气溶胶中总元素的95%（范围：81-99%）。Al、Fe、Mn和Ba等元素占总元素的4.6%。这些元素与地壳源有关。as、Cd、Cu、Cr、Ni、Pb、V和Zn的负荷表明，只有少量（0.63%，范围：0.02-4.5%）的总元素来源于GOT上方或附近的人为活动。

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来源期刊

Marine Chemistry 化学-海洋学

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

3.30%

发文量

审稿时长

4.5 months

期刊介绍： Marine Chemistry is an international medium for the publication of original studies and occasional reviews in the field of chemistry in the marine environment, with emphasis on the dynamic approach. The journal endeavours to cover all aspects, from chemical processes to theoretical and experimental work, and, by providing a central channel of communication, to speed the flow of information in this relatively new and rapidly expanding discipline.