Epidemiological patterns of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran and its neighboring endemic high-risk territories: A systematic review

IF 2.4 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Parasite Epidemiology and Control Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-26 DOI:10.1016/j.parepi.2026.e00499

Jalal Mohammadi , Mohammad Amin Rezaei , Kourosh Azizi , Zahra Nasiri , Mohsen Kalantari

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study synthesizes epidemiological, virological, and ecological data from Iran and its neighboring endemic countries between 2005 and 2025. Analysis of 55 included studies revealed that the disease disproportionately affects males aged 15–44, particularly livestock handlers, slaughterhouse workers, and housewives, with elevated incidence in border provinces during spring and summer. Hyalomma ticks were identified as the primary reservoirs and vectors, while domestic ruminants—sheep, goats, and cattle —were confirmed as served as amplifying hosts. Phylogenetic investigations highlighted the Asia 1 genotype (Clade IV) across all three nations. Case fatality rates varied regionally, ranging from 8% to 20% in Iran and escalating to 12%–40% in Iran's territories, reflecting disparities in healthcare access and outbreak management. Endemic transmission hubs were concentrated in interconnected border zones, driven by unregulated livestock trade and seasonal migration that facilitate bidirectional pathogen exchange. The findings underscore the role of ecological connectivity and socioeconomic practices in perpetuating CCHF's regional burden. This review provides a novel, integrated perspective on cross-border transmission dynamics, offering insights for targeted interventions. Addressing these gaps will be critical to curbing CCHF's impact high-risk regions.

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伊朗及其邻近高危地区克里米亚-刚果出血热流行病学模式：系统回顾

本研究综合了2005年至2025年间伊朗及其邻近流行国家的流行病学、病毒学和生态学数据。对55项纳入研究的分析显示，该病对15-44岁男性的影响尤为严重，尤其是牲畜饲养员、屠宰场工人和家庭主妇，春季和夏季在边境省份发病率较高。蜱虫被确定为主要宿主和媒介，而绵羊、山羊和牛等家畜被确定为扩增宿主。系统发育调查强调了所有三个国家的亚洲1基因型（进化枝IV）。病死率因地区而异，在伊朗为8%至20%，在伊朗领土上升至12%至40%，反映出在获得医疗保健和疫情管理方面的差异。地方病传播中心集中在相互联系的边境地区，受不受管制的牲畜贸易和季节性迁徙的推动，促进了病原体的双向交流。研究结果强调了生态连通性和社会经济实践在持续CCHF区域负担中的作用。这篇综述为跨境传播动态提供了一个新的、综合的视角，为有针对性的干预措施提供了见解。解决这些差距对于遏制CCHF对高风险地区的影响至关重要。

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来源期刊

Parasite Epidemiology and Control Medicine-Infectious Diseases

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

3.10%

发文量

审稿时长

17 weeks

期刊介绍： Parasite Epidemiology and Control is an Open Access journal. There is an increasing amount of research in the parasitology area that analyses the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. This epidemiology of parasite infectious diseases is predominantly studied in human populations but also spans other major hosts of parasitic infections and as such this journal will have a broad remit. We will focus on the major areas of epidemiological study including disease etiology, disease surveillance, drug resistance and geographical spread and screening, biomonitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects in clinical trials for both human and other animals. We will also look at the epidemiology and control of vector insects. The journal will also cover the use of geographic information systems (Epi-GIS) for epidemiological surveillance which is a rapidly growing area of research in infectious diseases. Molecular epidemiological approaches are also particularly encouraged.