Molecular Evolution and Epidemiological Dynamics of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e Circulating in East Java, Indonesia, in 2022-2025.

IF 2 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary Medicine International Pub Date : 2026-04-20 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI:10.1155/vmi/6526830

Zayyin Dinana, Jola Rahmahani, Suwarno, Iwan Sahrial Hamid, Mohammad Anam Al-Arif, Muchammad Yunus, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Igo Syaiful Ihsan, Aussie Tahta Maharani, Firdausy Kurnia Maulana, Nur Saidah Said, Deka Uli Fahrodi, Fedik Abdul Rantam

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Indonesia has been free from foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) for decades, but in April 2022, the first major re-emerging of FMDV was detected in Gresik, East Java, and later spreading nationwide. To understand how dynamic virus spread occurs in Indonesia, we performed an epidemiological study and molecular evolution analyses.

Methods: A total of 40 FMDV suspected samples collected in 2023-2025 from cattle in East Java, Indonesia. Phylogeny were inferred using the neighbor-joining method, and Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) was employed to estimate the evolutionary rate and time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) compared with global reference and vaccine strains.

Results: Sanger sequencing was performed for 10 out of 40 positive VP1 genes, and results were confirmed as O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e. Amino acid substitutions were identified within the G-H loop region of the VP1 protein and play an important antigenic site involved in receptor binding and immune recognition. The Bayesian evolutionary analyses suggested that estimated evolutionary rate was 1.1 × 10^-3 substitutions/site/year and tMRCA was 2012 (95% HPD interval 2008-2025).

Conclusion: Amino acid mutations in G-H loop region may affect viral infectivity, host tropism, and vaccine match. These findings emphasize the need for continuous molecular surveillance of FMDV in Indonesia to detect emerging variants, understand transmission dynamics, and maintain effective antigenic matching between vaccines and circulating field strains.

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2022-2025年印度尼西亚东爪哇流行的口蹄疫病毒O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e的分子进化和流行病学动态

背景：印度尼西亚几十年来一直没有口蹄疫病毒（FMDV），但在2022年4月，在东爪哇的Gresik发现了口蹄疫病毒的第一次主要再次出现，随后在全国蔓延。为了了解病毒如何在印度尼西亚发生动态传播，我们进行了流行病学研究和分子进化分析。方法：2023-2025年在印度尼西亚东爪哇采集牛口蹄疫疑似样本40份。采用邻域连接法进行系统发育推断，并采用贝叶斯马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗（MCMC）估计与全球参考毒株和疫苗毒株相比，向最近共同祖先（tMRCA）进化的速率和时间。结果：40个VP1阳性基因中有10个进行了Sanger测序，结果证实为O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e。在VP1蛋白的G-H环区域发现了氨基酸取代，并在受体结合和免疫识别中发挥重要的抗原位点作用。贝叶斯进化分析表明，估计进化速率为1.1 × 10-3个替换/位点/年，tMRCA为2012 （95% HPD区间2008-2025）。结论：G-H环区氨基酸突变可能影响病毒的感染性、宿主亲和性和疫苗的配伍性。这些发现强调需要对印度尼西亚的口蹄疫病毒进行持续的分子监测，以发现新出现的变异，了解传播动力学，并在疫苗和流行的野毒株之间保持有效的抗原匹配。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Veterinary Medicine International Veterinary-Veterinary (all)

CiteScore

3.50

自引率

3.20%

发文量

审稿时长

17 weeks

期刊介绍： Veterinary Medicine International is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles and review articles in all areas of veterinary research. The journal will consider articles on the biological basis of disease, as well as diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and epidemiology.