Socio-economic determinants of female vulnerable employment in China.

Abstract

This analysis investigated the socio-economic factors that affect female vulnerable employment in China, utilizing graphical & correlation analysis in World Development Indicators, covering the time span of 1990 to 2020. Analysing the results, the trend of decline in female vulnerable employment remained consistent during the time span, coupled with diverse movements in economic development, foreign direct investments, dependency ratios, as well as fertility rates. During the periods of high economic development and foreign investments, the decline in women's employment vulnerability turned out to be steeper, indicating the impact of industrialization, urbanization, and formal employment. Social terms, specifically dependency ratios and fertility rates, remained significantly correlated to female vulnerable employment, indicating the impact of taking care of dependents & demographic factors. When the trend of declining female vulnerable employment turned persistent in 2010, in spite of low economic development & growing dependency ratios, it is evident that deep structural transformations, such as the impact of education, employment, & institutional development, turned influential in women's employment.